GOST 26877-91
GOST 26877−91 metal Products. Methods of measuring form deviations of (adjusted)
GOST 26877−91
Group B09
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR
Steel PRODUCTS
METHODS OF MEASURING FORM DEVIATIONS OF
Metal products.
Methods of measuring form variations
OKP 0901
Date of introduction 1992−07−01
INFORMATION DATA
1 DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of metallurgy of the USSR
DEVELOPERS
S. I. Rudyuk, PhD. tech. Sciences; V. Filonov, PhD. tech. Sciences; V. F. Kovalenko, PhD. tech. Sciences; B. A., Yong, PhD. tech. Sciences; G. P. Mastepanov (supervisor); V. A. Godara
2. APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee on management of quality and standards from
3. REPLACE GOST 26877−86
4. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
| The designation of the reference document referenced |
Application number |
| GOST 8.051−81 |
3 |
| GOST 162−90 |
2 |
| GOST 164−90 |
2 |
| GOST 166−89 |
2 |
| GOST 427−75 |
2 |
| GOST 577−68 |
2 |
| GOST 2879−88 |
4 |
| GOST 3749−77 |
2 |
| GOST 5378−88 |
2 |
| GOST 6507−90 |
2 |
| GOST 7502−80 |
2 |
| GOST 8026−75 |
2 |
| GOST 10965−86 |
2 |
| GOST 11358−89 |
2 |
| THAT 2−034−225−87 |
2 |
AMENDED, published in IMS No. 5, 2005
An amendment made by the manufacturer of the database
This standard specifies methods of measurement of deviations of form of blooms, slabs, sheets, tapes, strips, rolls, bars, tubes, profiles, hot-rolled and roll-formed, wire, and wire of iron and non-ferrous metals and alloys.
The terms and explanations of deviations of shape of steel products is given in Annex 1.
1. MEASURING
For measuring deviations of form used the standardized manual measurement, given in Annex 2, as well as automatic ad hoc, given in Appendix 3.
Allowed to use other means of measurement that have passed state tests or Metrology attestation to the state or other Agency services and meets the accuracy requirements of this standard.
2. PREPARATION FOR MEASUREMENT
2.1. To measure the deflection of the shape steel is placed on a flat surface, such as a surface plate or rack.
2.2. The metal plane should lie down freely without the influence of any external forces, such as pressure, tension, torsion, if in the standards for a specific type of rental has no other requirements.
3. MEASUREMENTS
3.1. Deviation from flatness and straightness are measured over the entire length of metal or a length of 1000 mm, if the standards for a specific type of rental has no other requirements.
3.2. Waviness, warpage and deflection is determined by the highest value between the flat surface and the bottom surface of the metal or between the top surface and an adjacent plane or a straight line, parallel to the flat surface.
The rate is measured one way:
1) using the attached to the end of the steel upright of a ruler, gauges, or feeler gauge (Fig.1 and 2);
Damn.1
Damn.1
Damn.2
Damn.2
2) use adjacent to the upper surface of a rigid steel ruler and a measuring ruler placed vertically (Fig.3);
Damn.3
Damn.3
3) use adjacent to the upper surface of a stretched steel string and a measuring ruler placed vertically (Fig.4);
Damn.4
Damn.4
4) indicator, mounted on the bracket and movable parallel to the plane of arrangement of steel products.
Waviness, warpage and deflection are expressed in millimeters or percentage of the normalized length.
Wave length is expressed in millimeters.
If necessary, determine the wavelength () the measurement of the distance between the points adjoining the surface of metal products using steel measuring ruler (Fig.1).
3.3. The twist is measured in any plane to a specified distance from the base of the cross section.
Steel stack so that one of its sides in the base cross section in contact with a flat surface.
1) measure the value of the gap cross-section from a flat surface by using a measuring ruler or a probe (Fig.5 and 6);
Damn.5
Damn.5
Damn.6
Damn.6
2) measure the value of the lag of the cross-section of steel from the adjacent plane by means of a square lying on one side on a flat surface, and a measuring ruler or a probe (Fig.7).
Damn.7
Damn.7
The twist angle of the cross section of metal relative to the base cross section can be measured by protractor.
The twist is expressed in millimeters or degrees to a specified length.
3.4. The thickness variation is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum
thicknesses of steel products or parts at a predetermined distance from edges (Fig.8 and 9).
Damn.8
Damn.8
Damn.9
Damn.9
The rate is measured with a micrometer, caliper, thickness gages and santomero and expressed in millimeters.
3.5. Convexity and concavity is defined by the greatest distance between the surface of the metal and the adjacent horizontal or vertical plane at any cross section along the length of the product (Fig.10).
Damn.10
Damn.10
Convexity and concavity is measured by means of a square and a measuring ruler or a probe and expressed in millimeters.
3.6. The curvature (camber) is defined by the greatest distance between the surface of the metal and applied a ruler or a stretched wire (Fig.11).
Damn.11
Damn.11
The curvature and camber measuring ruler or a probe and expressed in millimeters in standard length.
3.7. Ovality is defined as half the difference between the largest and smallest
diameters in the same cross-section (Fig.12).
Damn.12
Damn.12
The rate is measured with a micrometer or caliper and expressed in millimeters.
3.8. The deviation angle is determined by the difference between the real angle and a given
(hell.13 and 14).
Damn.13
Damn.13
Damn.14
Damn.14
The deviation angle measured by protractor or measuring scale and expressed in millimeters or degrees.
3.9. Cut end Squareness, mm is defined by the greatest distance from the plane of the end face of metal to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal planes of metal and passing through the outermost point of the edge of the end face or the angle between them (Fig.15).
Damn.15
Damn.15
Allowed cosine of cut flat steel products (sheets, strips and slabs) defined as the difference of the diagonals provided that the metal at one end has a right angle (Fig.16).
Damn.16
Damn.16
Reza cosine measure measuring ruler and a square or goniometer and expressed in millimeters or degrees.
3.10. The deviation from symmetry is determined by the difference between the distances to the extreme opposite points lying on the surface of metal products, from the axis of symmetry (Fig.17).
Damn.17
Damn.17
The deviation from symmetry is measured, the measuring line by means of a square.
3.11. Blunting of the corners is measured as the distance from the vertex of the angle formed by the intersection of adjacent faces, to the borders of the scene.
Methods to control the blunting of the corners of the square and hexagon are given in Appendix 4.
3.12. Basically a telescoping control with a measuring line according to the diagram on the devil.18.
Damn.18
— band width;
— basically a telescoping
Damn.18
ANNEX 1 (mandatory). THE TERMS AND EXPLANATIONS OF DEVIATIONS OF SHAPE OF STEEL PRODUCTS
ANNEX 1
Mandatory
Table 1
| The term |
Explanation |
Drawing |
| Deviation from flatness | ||
| 1. The bulge |
Deviation from flatness, in which the removal of the surface points of the cross section of metal from adjacent horizontal or vertical plane decreases from the edges to the middle |
|
| 2. Concavity |
Deviation from flatness, in which the removal of the surface points of the cross section of metal from adjacent horizontal or vertical plane increases from the edges to the middle |
|
| 3. Waviness |
Deviation from flatness, in which the surface of metal products or individual parts have the form of alternating convexities and concavities, are not provided in the form of rental |
|
| 4. Warpage |
A kind of undulation in the form of local convexity or concavity |
|
| 5. Twisting |
Geometric tolerance, characterized by the rotation of the cross section relative to the longitudinal axis of metal |
|
| Deviations from straightness | ||
| 6. Curvature |
The deviation from straightness, in which not all of the point lying on the geometrical axis of the steel, are equidistant from the horizontal or vertical plane |
|
| 7. Camber |
The deviation of the shape in which the edges of the sheet or strip in a horizontal plane have the shape of an arc |
|
| Deviation of the cross-sectional shape of the rolled | ||
| 8. Ovality |
The deviation of the shape in which the cross section of round bars represents the oval-shaped form |
|
| 9. The thickness variation |
Geometric tolerance, characterized by the unevenness of thickness of steel products or parts according to width or length |
|
| 10. Deflection |
The deviation from straightness of the cross section of the metal or its elements |
|
| 11. The deviation from the corner |
Geometric tolerance, characterized by the deviation angle from the set. Note. The private view is deviation from the right angle, which is most often regulated |
|
| 12. Blunting of the corners |
The deviation of the shape of metal, characterized by the failure to complete the metal of the vertices of the angles at the rental Desk at calibers of the rolls |
|
| 13. The deviation from symmetry |
The deviation of the cross-sectional shape of the rent at which the same point on the surface of metal lying in a plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, uneven removed from it |
|
| The deviation from perpendicularity | ||
| 14. Cut end Squareness, mm | The deviation from perpendicularity at which the cutting plane forms with the longitudinal planes of metal angle other than 90° |
|
| Geometric tolerances of sheet and strip | ||
| 15. ACC |
The deviation of the shape of bends of the end face, an edge or corner, sheet and strip |
|
| 16. The uneven end |
The deviation of the shape of the end face, characterized by uneven removal of the points of its surface adjacent the vertical plane |
|
| Deflection shape of the roll | ||
| 17. Roll pleat |
The deviation of the shape of coil in which portions of the turns of the strip formed in the folds |
|
| 18. Crumpled roll |
The deviation from the circular cross-sectional shape of the roll |
|
| 19. Sweet roll |
The deviation of the shape of the coil in the form of a loose cream stripes |
|
| 20. Basically a telescoping |
The deviation of the shape of the coil in the form of protrusions of the coils on the middle or inner part of the coil |
|
ANNEX 2 (mandatory). A LIST OF STANDARDISED MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
ANNEX 2
Mandatory
Table 2
| Controlled parameter |
Unit |
Measurement range |
Accuracy class, uncertainty of measurement tools |
Measuring |
| Deviations from flatness, straightness, symmetry, the cross-sectional shape, thickness variation, basically a telescoping of rolls | mm | 150−1000 | Measuring ruler according to GOST 427 | |
| m | 2−50 | To overall length ±0.4 mm to ±14 mm | Tape measure measuring metal type RZ according to GOST 7502 | |
| mm | 0−125 | Accuracy class 1; 2 | Caliper type SHC-II according to GOST 166 | |
| mm | 0−250 | Accuracy class 1; 2 | Caliper type SHC-II according to GOST 166 | |
| mm | 0−315 0−400 0−500 250−630 250−800 320−1000 500−1600 800−2000 |
Accuracy class 1 | Caliper type SHC-III according to GOST 166 | |
| mm | 0−250 40−400 60−630 |
0,05 | Shtangenreysmas according to GOST 164 | |
| mm | 0−160 0−200 0−250 0−315 0−400 |
0,05 | The gauges according to GOST 162 | |
| mm | 0−600 |
Accuracy class 1 |
Micrometer type MK GOST 6507 | |
| mm | 0−5, 0−10, 0−25 |
Accuracy class 2 |
Micrometer type ML (leaf) GOST 6507 | |
| mm | 0−25 |
Accuracy class 1; 2 |
Micrometer type MT (piping) GOST 6507 | |
| mm | 160х160 2500х1600 |
Accuracy class 1; 2; 3 |
Calibration plate GOST 10905 | |
| mm | 50−500 200−500 |
Accuracy class 1; 2 |
Range calibration type LD, LT, SHP GOST 8026 | |
| mm | 0,02−1 |
Accuracy class 1; 2 |
Probes THAT 2−034−225−87 | |
| mm | 0−2 0−5 0−10 0−25 |
Accuracy class 0; 1 | The gauges GOST 577 | |
| The deviation from the angle cut end Squareness, mm | mm | 40−250 |
Accuracy class 1 |
Squares calibration GOST 3749 |
| mm | 40x60 60x100 100х160 160x200 150х400 400х630 630х1000 1000х1600 |
Accuracy class 1; 2 |
Squares locksmith type VIII GOST 3749 | |
| 1°-90° | ±2°; ±5°; ±15° | Protractors with Vernier type UN and SW (external and internal) GOST 5378 | ||
| The deviation from the roundness and thickness variation | mm | The outer diameter is 100; 160; 250; 400 |
0,8 | Krugler model 290 |
| Inner diameter 3 |
||||
| mm | 0−600 |
0,01 |
Micrometer type MK GOST 6507 | |
| mm | 0−160 0−200 0−250 |
Nonius 0,1 |
Caliper SHC-II according to GOST 166 | |
| mm | 50 |
The price of division of 0.1 |
Thickness and stellamara indicator type TR 25−60 C-50 GOST 11358 | |
| mm | 0−150 |
0,005 |
Microscope tool, the generic type of BMI |
APPENDIX 3 (recommended). Unstandardized automatic measurement tools (NSI) of deviations of the form
APPENDIX 3
Recommended
Table 3
| Controlled parameter |
Unit |
Measurement range |
Measurement error |
Discrete control over the length of the rental |
Recommended measurement tool |
| Deviation from circularity |
% of diameter | 0−2% | According to GOST 8.051 | Step forward- rotational motion from 0.1 to 3 m |
TV auto meter type sizes TAIR-1−5, TAIR-2−6 or other optoelectronic measuring instruments |
| The deviation from symmetry of the profile |
% the width of | 0−2% | The same | From 0.1 to 3 m | « |
APPENDIX 4 (recommended). METHODS TO CONTROL THE BLUNTING OF THE ANGLES OF A RENTAL
ANNEX 4
Recommended
Control of the blunting of the external corners of a square with sides up to 50 mm and spend the hexagon templates are made in accordance with the devil.19 and hell.21.
Damn.19
Damn.19
The pattern with the slits simulating the boundaries of the scene, is applied to the angle of the corresponding profile.
Slot width template () of the square is determined by calculating the
Table 4
mm
Side of the square, |
To 12 | SV. 12 up to 20 |
SV. 20 up to 30 |
SV. 30 up to 50 |
SV. 50 up to 100 |
SV. 100 up to 150 |
Blunting of the corners, |
0,6 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,5 | 3,0 | 4,0 |
The width of the slot, |
0,8 | 1,4 | 2,1 | 3,5 | 4,2 | 5,6 |
The depth of the slot, |
3,0 | 4,0 | ||||
For a square with sides up to 50 mm control of the scene is performed using a template made for God.20. The square pattern of the applied division from 5 to 30 mm.
Damn.20
Damn.20
Damn.21
Damn.21
Control of the blunting is carried out by Vernier caliper, the measured value of which shall not exceed the permissible value of fatigue calculated by the formula
The boundaries of the scene determined by the scale of the polygon must not exceed the values of blunting established standard.
Allowable value of blunting of the corners of a square with sides of over 50 mm are given in table.5.
Table 5
mm
| Side of the square |
50−58 |
60−75 |
80−95 |
100−115 |
120−150 |
160−200 |
The magnitude of blunting |
The 5.25 6,09 | 6,3−7,9 | 8,4−10,0 | 10,5−12,0 | 12,6−15,8 | 16,8−21,0 |
Slot width template () hex of the rental is determined according to the calculation
Table 6
mm
| The diameter of the inscribed circle |
8−14 |
15−25 |
26−55 |
60 and above |
Blunting of the corners |
1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 |
Slot width |
1,7 | 2,6 | 3,5 | 5,2 |
The depth of the slot |
4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 |
Item length of a square |
15,0 | 15,0 | 25,0 | 25,0 |
where is the value of the blunting of the angles of a hexagon according to GOST 2879.
Dullness is controlled by the application of the template to the hexagon (Fig.22).
Damn.22
Damn.22
