GOST R 55806-2013
GOST R 55806−2013 nondestructive testing. Acoustic method of control of the adhesion strength of layers of bimetal. General requirements
GOST R 55806−2013
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Nondestructive testing
ACOUSTIC METHOD OF CONTROL OF THE ADHESION STRENGTH OF LAYERS OF BIMETAL
General requirements
Non-destructive testing. Ultrasound measurement of bonding strength of layers in bimetal. General requirements
OKS 77.040.10
Date of introduction 2015−01−01
Preface
1 DEVELOPED by Autonomous non-commercial organization «Scientific-research center of control and diagnostics of technical systems» (ANO «nits KD»), Closed joint stock company «Special design Bureau «Infotrans» (CJSC «Infotrans»)
2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 132 «Technical diagnostics"
3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology, dated 22 November 2013 No. 1672-St
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
5 REISSUE. October 2016
Rules for the application of this standard is established in article 26 of the Federal law «On standardization in the Russian Federation». Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards» and the official text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the upcoming issue of the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation on standardization in the Internet (www.gost.ru)
Introduction
In many industries are widely used bimetals, manufactured using different technologies. In cases where the bimetals are used in potentially dangerous technical objects, increased requirements to the strength of adhesion of layers.
Modern methods of non-destructive acoustic quality control bimetals are mainly focused on the detection of a delamination area commensurate with the cross-sectional area of the probing beam is usually equal to not less than 10−50 mm[1, 2]. The results of such monitoring are often insufficient for reliable assessment of technical condition of the object to the structural elements of the bimetals according to the criterion of the adhesion strength of the layers, because the decrease of the adhesion strength of the lead microrasbora area of less than 1 mm
, scattered along the border layers of the bimetal.
This standard is designed to provide a methodological basis for the application of the acoustic method for determining the adhesive strength of the layers of the bimetal in the absence of macronuclei detected by standard methods of ultrasonic testing.
1 Scope
This standard applies to acoustic method for determining the adhesive strength of the layers of bimetallic materials made by rolling, casting, welding or surfacing.
The standard establishes the basic requirements to the procedure of determining the adhesive strength of the layers of the bimetal with the use of acoustic pulse echo method.
Installed standard method can be applied both in laboratory studies and operation of technical objects for various purposes.
2 Normative references
This standard uses the regulatory references to the following standards:
GOST R ISO 4386−1-94 Bearings. Metallic multilayer plain bearings. Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of the connection layer of the bearing material and the basics
GOST R ISO 5725−2-2002 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of methods and measurement results. Part 2. The basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
GOST 7.32−91 System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. The report on research work. The structure and rules of registration
GOST 12.1.001−89 System safety standards. Ultrasound. General safety requirements
GOST 12.1.004−91 System safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements
GOST 12.1.019−79 System of standards of occupational safety. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
GOST 12.1.038−82 standards System of labor safety. Electrical safety. The maximum permissible values of the touch voltage and currents
GOST 12.2.003−91 System safety standards. Equipment production. General safety requirements
GOST 12.3.002−75 System safety standards. The process of production. General safety requirements
GOST 32−74 Oil turbine. Specifications
GOST 2768−84 Acetone. Specifications
GOST 2789−73 surface Roughness. Parameters and characteristics
GOST 6259−75 Reagents. Glycerin. Specifications
GOST 17299−78 ethyl Alcohol technical. Specifications
GOST 26266−90 nondestructive testing. The ultrasonic transducers. General technical requirements
Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet or in the annual information index «National standards» published as on January 1 of the current year, and the editions of the monthly information index «National standards» for the current year. If replaced with a reference standard, which was given an undated reference, then it is recommended to use the current version of this standard, taking into account all enabled in this version modifications. If replaced with a reference standard, which is given a dated reference, it is recommended to use the version of this standard referred to above by year of approval (acceptance). If after approval of this standard in the reference standard, which is given a dated reference, a change affecting a provision to which reference, the provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, the position in which reference is made to it, it is recommended to accept in part not affecting this link.
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 this standard applies the following designations:
— |
the bonding strength of the layers of the bimetal obtained by the test sample of bi-metal peel or slice, MPa; |
— |
the thickness of the base layer, mm; |
— |
the thickness of cladding layer, mm; |
— |
the speed of propagation of longitudinal elastic waves in the material of the core layer, m/s; |
— |
the speed of propagation of longitudinal elastic waves in the material of the cladding layer, m/s; |
— |
the effective pulse frequency of the elastic waves MHz; |
— |
the sampling frequency of the signal, MHz; |
— |
the duration of the sweep, MS; |
— |
the signal |
— |
the number of repeated acoustic measurements; |
— |
the result of a single energy measurement of the elastic pulse reflected from the boundary between layers of bimetal, bit |
— |
the average energy of the elastic pulse reflected from the boundary between layers of bimetal, bit |
— |
the result of a single energy measurement of the elastic pulse reflected from the bottom surface of the bimetal, bit |
— |
the average energy of the elastic pulse reflected from the bottom surface of the bimetal, bit |
— |
the result of a single measurement of the relative energy of elastic pulses, bit |
— |
the average value of the relative energy of elastic pulses, bit |
;3.2 In this standard, then apply the following reduction.
| The DRP — | the bonding strength of the layers of the bimetal; |
| OK | the object of control; |
| PEP — | the piezoelectric transducer; |
| UI — | elastic pulse; |
| SI — | a means of measurement. |
4 General provisions
4.1 Method based on the use of the connection between the elastic energy of the pulse reflected from the boundary layers of bimetal, and the degree of the defect boundaries, which determines the bonding strength of the layers [1, 3, 4].
4.2 the Method is implemented by the manual method of ultrasonic contact testing with the use of direct combined or dual probe churchyard 26266.
4.3 Optimal transmitted signal — «microburst» of high frequency (ultrasonic) filling the envelope smooth and effective duration (at the level of 0.6 of the maximum amplitude), equal to 2−4 periods of the fundamental frequency.
4.4 Determination of the DRP is obtained during calibration experiments of the regression dependence of the energy parameters UI, propagating in the bimetal.
4.5 Define the DRP is averaged over the path of propagation of the TOU.
5 safety Requirements
5.1 measurements allow operators with skills of equipment operation ultrasonic inspection, able to use national and industry normative and technical documents on the acoustic control techniques, trained to work with used C and are certified for knowledge of safety regulations in the relevant sector of industry.
5.2 in determining the DRP, the operator should be guided by GOST 12.1.001, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.3.002 and safety regulations in the operation of electrical churchyard 12.1.019 and GOST
5.3 Measurement is carried out in accordance with the safety requirements specified in the operating instructions of the equipment, part of the used SI.
5.4 Facilities for measurements should meet the requirements [4]* [5]*.
________________
Cm. section «Bibliography». — Note the manufacturer’s database.
5.5 At the organization of works on determination of the DRP must be met fire safety requirements according to GOST
6 Requirements for measuring instruments
6.1 as SI apply collected from production equipment, or specialized ultrasonic devices that are certified and verified in the prescribed manner.
6.2 SI needs to provide the measurement of the echo method using the UI with a smooth envelope.
6.3 SI should ensure that the discretization of the ultrasonic signal with a frequency that exceeds not less than
times the effective frequency of
the used probe.
6.3 SI must contain an analog-to-digital converters have a precision no less .
Note — and
usually have values of 10 and 12 respectively, but can be refined during the preliminary calibration of the experimental studies to establish the regression relationship between the variables
and
6.4 Software the SI must provide the calculation of the energy of a signal in any time interval is within the maximum observed delay of UI.
6.5 Primary acoustic information for each test should always be stored on external media, protected from unauthorized access.
6.6 Documentation the SI shall contain the measurement procedure and the documents that establish:
— the purpose and scope SI;
— the composition and main characteristics of the hardware and software, including measurement error parameters of the UI;
— methods and means of achieving the compatibility of SI, including data, electrical, energy, software, development, and operational;
rules of aggregation of hardware and software and their interaction.
6.7 description of the functionality of SI in the operational, engineering and programme documents should reflect the specifications of the hardware and software.
6.8 Operating characteristics of the SI must conform to the requirements of the specifications and of this standard.
6.9 Ancillary devices and materials
6.9.1 For surface preparation OK using the grinding tool, providing a surface roughness in accordance with 7.2.
6.9.2 For degreasing surfaces used alcohol according to GOST 17299 or acetone churchyard 2768.
6.9.3 as the contact applied thick enough fluid, good ultrasound conducting fluid (e.g., glycerin according to GOST 6259; autoly 6, 10, 18; compressor and other related oil according to GOST 32, which have wetting properties with respect to the surface OK, and the contact surface of the probe).
7 Requirements for building control
7.1 the Investigated bimetal must not have delamination, flaw detection methods detected similar recommended GOST R ISO 4386−1 and [2]*.
________________
Cm. section «Bibliography». — Note the manufacturer’s database.
7.2 the surface roughness of the bimetal in the control points is not more than 2.5 µm churchyard 2789.
Note — the Method does not guarantee the required accuracy of the DRP, if the surface roughness is OK than 2.5 microns.
7.3 the thickness of the layers of the bimetal in the control points must be at least 2 mm.
7.4 surface temperature of the bimetal in the control points must be in the range from 5 °C to 40 °C.
7.5 Before installing the probe surface OK cleaned of dirt, scale, rust and degreased.
8 the Procedure for preparation of the control
8.1 On the basis of technical documentation on «OK «define the values and
the control points.
8.2 On the basis of reference data or experimentally determine the values of and
.
8.3 Choosing AEDs, the effective pulse frequency which, depending on has the following values:
— with 2 to 3 mm
=10 MHz;
— if from 3 to 10 mm
=5 MHz;
— when more than 10 mm
=2.5 MHz.
8.4 Identify the location of the control points of the DRP.
8.5 put a layer of contact liquid on the prepared surface OK.
8.6 Include SI, check its performance when displaying video device timebase of the received signals.
The duration of the sweep in the ISS must ensure that the following inequality is satisfied
where — delay of the probe pulse, µs, defined by the technical characteristics of the used SI.
8.7 Check on the time scan pulses caused by the presence of the control point of the additional reflecting boundaries (delaminations, cracks, pores, etc.) inside the layers of the bimetal, are detected during radiographic inspection.
9 the Procedure for conducting control and processing rules results
9.1 For the selected control point to receive the waveform of reflected pulses, the form of which is schematically shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 — Reflected pulses
a) the control of the cladding layer;
b) control side base layer
1 — first of UI reflected from the boundary layers of bimetal; 2 — bottom first wee
Figure 1 — Reflected pulses
9.2 the Funds used FOR SI choose the temporal boundaries of the first wee, reflected from the boundary layers of bimetal (pulse 1 in figure 1), and
the first and bottom of UI (pulse 2 in figure 1)
and
(vertical lines in figure 1) so that within the selected boundaries of the signal level exceeded the mean value of the noise at least 6 dB.
9.3 Calculate the energy of UI reflected from the boundary between layers of bimetal and bottom of UI by the formulas:
where 
» means the operation of rounding.
9.4 Actions 9.1 to 9.3 is repeated at least 10 times.
9.5 Calculate an array of values of the relative energies UI by the formula
9.6 Array values check for outliers in accordance with GOST R ISO 5725−2.
9.7 Determine the average values of the relative energies UI by the formula
9.8 calculate the coefficient of variation of measurement results according to the formula
where is the standard deviation calculated according to the formula
9.9 Compare the value with the maximum allowable value
obtained during calibration experiments to ensure the required accuracy of determining the DRP.
If you ratio
the calculated values of the relative energies of the TOU choose the resulting value , otherwise the number of dimensions
increase and the measurements in the 9.1−9.8 repeat as long as the value of the coefficient of variation reaches a value
.
The procedure of calibration experiments to establish the regression equation of (1) and the processing of their results — according to GOST R ISO 5725−2.
9.10 failure to meet the coefficient of variation of no more than
decide on the definition of the DRP with a smaller precision or about the impossibility of measurement.
9.11 subject to the condition (9) calculate the value of the DRP on the basis of the experimentally obtained regression equation (1).
10 Rules for registration of measurement results
10.1 the results of the measurements are fixed in the Protocol, the form of which is given in Appendix A.
10.2 If the definition of the DRP acoustic method is part of the research work, the results of measurements issued in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7.32.
Annex a (recommended). Form of the control Protocol
Appendix A
(recommended)
| «CLAIM" | |||||||||||||
| Head | |||||||||||||
| name of the organization | |||||||||||||
| personal signature, |
initials, surname | ||||||||||||
| «_____" _____________ 20 __ | |||||||||||||
| PROTOCOL determine the adhesive strength of the layers of the bimetal | |||||||||||||
| (technical object, a controlled phase of a technical object) | |||||||||||||
| 1 measurement date | |||||||||||||
| 2 organization conducting the measurement | |||||||||||||
| 3 the owner of the object | |||||||||||||
| 4 Data about the object: appointment | |||||||||||||
| the manufacturer and manufacturing methods of the object | |||||||||||||
| the thickness of the base layer in the control points | |||||||||||||
| the thickness of the cladding layer at the control points | |||||||||||||
| surface roughness | |||||||||||||
| for more information about the object | |||||||||||||
| 5 Sketch of the facility showing the location of monitoring points and their numbering (listed in the Annex to the Protocol) | |||||||||||||
| 6 Data on materials of the object | |||||||||||||
| country of origin | |||||||||||||
| brand materials (with indication of national or other standard) | |||||||||||||
| manufacturing technology | |||||||||||||
7 Effective pulse frequency elastic waves | |||||||||||||
| 8 the object surface Temperature, °C | |||||||||||||
9 the Highest value of the coefficient of variation | |||||||||||||
Table 1 — Results of measurements in control points
| N control points |
1 | 2 | 3 | … | … |
The relative energy of the pulses | |||||
The bonding strength of the layers of the bimetal |
| Measurements performed by the operator | ||||
| personal signature | initials, surname | |||
| Head of laboratory NDT | ||||
| personal signature | initials, surname | |||
Bibliography
[1] Nondestructive control. Handbook ed. by V. V. Klyuev, vol. 3. M.: Mashinostroenie, 2004. 864 p.
[2] RD 2728.05.013−2006* Methodology of operational ultrasonic inspection of Babbitt bearings turbine K-220, K-500, K-1000. TSNIITMASH
________________
* The document is not given. For additional information, please refer to the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
[2] A. V. Ilachinski, V. M. Rodyushkin. Ultrasonic method of monitoring the strength of the connection layers of the bimetal liners // Defectoscopy. 2010. N 3. P. 63−66
[3] The Angles A. L., Erofeev V. I., Smirnov A. N. Monitoring equipment during production and operation. M.: Nauka, 2009. 280 p.
[4] SNiP 11-M 2−72* Public buildings and facilities. Design standards
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation the document is not valid. Are SNiP 2.09.03−85 and SNiP II-89−80. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
[5] SN 245−71* Sanitary design standards of industrial enterprises
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation the document is not valid. Act SanPiN 2.2.½.1.1.1200−03. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
| UDC 620.172.1:620.179.16:006.354 | OKS 77.040.10 |
| Key words: bimetal, adhesion strength, contact testing, pulse energy, piezoelectric transducer, sampling, effective wavelength | |
The electronic text of the document
prepared by JSC «Code» and checked by:
the official publication of the
M.: STANDARTINFORM, 2016
