GOST R 57283-2016
GOST R 57283−2016 Calculations and strength tests. The acoustic method of definition of damage under thermal Cycling fatigue of steel. General requirements
GOST R 57283−2016
Group Т59
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Calculations and strength tests
THE ACOUSTIC METHOD OF DEFINITION OF DAMAGE UNDER THERMAL CYCLING FATIGUE OF STEEL
General requirements
Calculation and strength testing. Acoustic method for determination of damage under thermocyclic fatigue of steel. General requirements
OKS 77.040.10
Date of introduction 2017−10−01
Preface
1 DEVELOPED by the Open joint-stock company «Scientific-research center of control and diagnostics of technical systems» (JSC «NIC KD»)
2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 132 «Technical diagnostics"
3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology dated November 24, 2016 N 1774-St
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Rules for the application of this standard is established in article 26 of the Federal law from June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ «On standardization in Russian Federation». Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards» and the official text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the upcoming issue of the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)
Introduction
Long operating experience of thermal and nuclear power plants shows that the efficiency and life of equipment elements of water-cooled installations is heavily influenced by local thermal effects caused by pulsations of the coolant temperature of different nature, including mixing of working media flows with different temperatures.
When designing heat transfer equipment it is important to consider thermopulsation and by choosing the optimal operating parameters and structural solutions to reduce them to an acceptable level. However, the critical task is to determine the degree of damage in the material of structural elements of existing plants using nondestructive testing methods.
The process of destruction depends on many factors, theoretically to take into account the contribution of each of them is almost impossible. This explains the significant scatter of both the design and the experimental data. Damage control in the material using traditional non-destructive testing difficult.
A promising technique, allowing to estimate the degree of damage in thermally loaded material in the stage before formation of a macroscopic fatigue defect, is the acoustic method.
This standard is designed to provide a methodological basis for the application of the acoustic method to determine the distortion of the material of structural elements subjected to cyclic thermal stress.
This standard specifies:
— the contents and the order of the procedures of measurements with acoustic control distortion of the steel structural materials subjected to thermal-cycle impacts;
— hardware requirements and software used in the measurement process;
— requirements for registration of inspection results.
1 Scope
This standard specifies General requirements for the method of performing acoustic measurements for determination of magnitude of accumulated distortion of the steel structural elements subjected to cyclic thermal fatigue effects.
Governed by this standard method allows on the basis of carried out measurements to assess the level of damage to the measuring point in the unknown parameters thermocyclic impacts.
The range of objects, damage of material which can be determined according to the regulated method, set in the technical task of control.
2 Normative references
This standard uses the regulatory references to the following standards:
GOST 12.1.001 standards System of labor safety. Ultrasound. General safety requirements
GOST 12.1.004 standards System of labor safety. Fire safety. General requirements
GOST 12.1.038 standards System of labor safety. Electrical safety. The maximum permissible values of the touch voltage and currents
GOST 12.2.003 standards System of labor safety. Equipment production. General safety requirements
GOST 12.3.002 the System of occupational safety standards. The process of production. General safety requirements
GOST 427 Ruler measuring metal. Specifications
GOST 2768 Acetone. Specifications
GOST 2789 surface Roughness. Parameters and characteristics
GOST 6616 thermoelectric Converters. General specifications
GOST 10587 epoxy-Dianova uncured. Specifications
GOST 17299 ethyl Alcohol technical. Specifications
GOST 20415 nondestructive testing. Methods acoustic. General provisions
GOST 20799 Oils. Specifications
GOST R 8.563 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Techniques (methods) of measurements
GOST R 12.1.019 standards System of labor safety. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
GOST R 55725 nondestructive testing. Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. General technical requirements
GOST R IEC 60745−2-3 Machine manual electric. Safety and test methods. Part 2−3. Particular requirements for grinders, disc grinding and polishing machines with rotational movement of the working tool
Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet or in the annual information index «National standards» published as on January 1 of the current year, and the editions of the monthly information index «National standards» for the current year. If replaced with a reference standard, which was given an undated reference, then it is recommended to use the current version of this standard, taking into account all enabled in this version modifications. If replaced with a reference standard, which is given a dated reference, it is recommended to use the version of this standard referred to above by year of approval (acceptance). If after approval of this standard in the reference standard, which is given a dated reference, a change affecting a provision to which reference, the provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, the position in which reference is made to him, recommended to be used in part not affecting this link.
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 this standard applies the following designations:
t — pulse delay of shear waves, polarized along the texture of the material object of the control, NS;
t — pulse delay of the shear wave polarized transversely to the texture of the object material, NS;
t — delay pulse longitudinal waves, NS;
— the level of damage;
T — temperature of the surface of the test object, °C;
k — thermoacoustic coefficient of shear waves, 1/°C;
k — thermoacoustic coefficient longitudinal waves, 1/°C.
3.2 this standard applies the following abbreviations:
OK — the object of control;
PEP — piezoelectric Converter;
SI — measurement means;
SOP — standard sample of the enterprise;
Wee — ultrasonic pulse;
CTS — zirconate lead titanate.
4 General provisions
4.1 Method based on the existing dependencies between the parameters of propagation of elastic body waves and the level of microdamage in the structure of steel OK that arise in the process thermocyclic impacts on its material.
4.2 method using the manual ultrasonic pulse-echo contact testing with the use of direct combined transducers of waves of different types in accordance with GOST R 55725.
4.3 Control is carried out according to the technical documentation developed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 20415.
4.4 Use a sounding scheme that corresponds to the echo method of ultrasonic testing. Method of excitation of elastic vibrations — pin. The form of the emitted signal is a pulse with high frequency (ultrasonic) filling, with a smooth envelope and effective duration (at the level of 0.6 of the maximum amplitude) from two to four periods of the fundamental frequency.
4.5 Measured characteristics of damage are averaged over the material thickness and area of the ultrasonic beam.
4.6 measured values Directly is the delay (the propagation time in the material) of UI.
4.7 the Effect of temperature on the accuracy of measurement of informative acoustic parameters into account using the appropriate thermo-acoustic coefficients having the dimension of 1/°C.
Their values are contained in the database, or SI can be obtained experimentally in accordance with Annex A.
4.8 characteristics of the distortion is determined based on the processing arrays of informative acoustic parameters using the results of preliminary experiments.
4.9 Recommended in this standard method can serve as the basis for the drafting of methods of measurements GOST R 8.563.
4.10 In the development of techniques of measurements must be verified on the basis of the representative database tested OK.
5 safety Requirements
5.1 measurements for the determination of damage governed by this standard, allow operators with skills of operation of the equipment, know how to use the relevant national normative and technical documents, trained to work with used C and are certified for knowledge of safety regulations in the relevant sector of industry.
5.2 taking measurements, the operator should be guided by GOST 12.1.001, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.3.002 and rules of technical safety for operation of electrical consumers according to GOST R 12.1.019 and GOST
5.3 Measurement is carried out in accordance with the safety requirements specified in the operating instructions of the equipment, part of the used SI.
5.4 In the organization of works on carrying out of measurements must be met fire safety requirements according to GOST
6 Requirements for measuring instruments and test equipment
6.1 as SI use installation consists of production equipment, or specialized ultrasonic devices that are certified and verified in the prescribed manner.
6.2 In his part of the SI must contain the following probes:
— combined direct transducer of longitudinal waves type П111−5,0, GOST R 55725;
— combined direct transducer of shear waves type П111−5,0, GOST R 55725, such as type converters V155-RB V155-RM V156-RM or specially made by the technology are given in Appendix B.
6.3 Test equipment
6.3.1 as calibration samples for experimental studies to assess the impact of cyclic thermal loading on the accumulation of damage of material can be used in plate and pipe samples, which is a semicircular fragment of a pipe (see figure 1). At the end of each sample drill hole depth of 10 mm and a diameter of 1 mm for the installation of the thermocouple.
Figure 1 — Calibration samples
a) flat sample; b) in — tube sample
Figure 1 — Calibration samples
6.3.2 To conduct the calibration experiments can be used installation whose schema is shown in figure 2.
Figure 2 — diagram of the setup for the calibration experiments
1 — reserve tank with distilled water (BZD); 2 — centrifugal pump (TSN); 3 — tank overflow (BP); 4 — valve shut-off (OT); 5 — regulating valve (VR); 6 — the dropper-dispenser; 7 — infrared sensor drops; 8 — sample; 9 — heating element; 10 — laboratory autotransformer; 11 — personal computer (PC); 12 — a check valve (TO); 13 — drain valve (VD)
Figure 2 — diagram of the setup for the calibration experiments
6.3.3 tank stock 1 centrifugal pump 2 distilled water is supplied into the overflow tank 3.
6.3.4 Out of the overflow tank water through gate 4 and control 5 valves are supplied in dropper-spout 6, which is the formation of drops of desired volume with a specified frequency.
6.3.5 Application of the overflow tank allows you to create a constant pressure of the liquid column and to provide stability of the frequency of disruption drops from the edge of the dispenser.
6.3.6 Check the number of drops carried out infrared (IR) sensor 7.
6.3.7 Drops of distilled water falling on the surface is heated to a predetermined temperature of the sample 8, create the local temperature surges.
6.3.8 Setting allows you to simultaneously generate several plots of damage accumulation at different rates of loading.
6.3.9 Establishing and maintaining a predetermined temperature of the samples is carried out by means of electric heating elements 9.
6.3.10 the Heating elements are clad in ceramic insulators nichrome wire fixed to a metal flat and «polytronic» the lodgment.
6.3.11 variable supplied to the heating element power is carried out by the laboratory autotransformer 10.
6.4 the Auxiliary devices and materials
6.4.1 grinding tools for surface preparation according to GOST R IEC 60745−2-3.
6.4.2 Thermocouple surface type TPP TPP 10 or 13 according to GOST 6616 for measuring surface temperatures OK.
6.4.3 a degreasing Liquid (alcohol according to GOST 17299 or acetone GOST 2768) for surface preparation.
6.4.4 Liquid contact (industrial oil brands-30A,-40A, AND 50A according to GOST 20799, water).
6.4.5 Liquid contact for input of shear waves (epoxy resin according to GOST 10587, liquid SWC, honey) whose viscosity at temperature of measurement should correspond to the viscosity of the epoxy resin at a temperature of 25 °C from 12 to 25 kg/(m·s) churchyard 10587.
6.4.6 storage Tanks for contact of fluid, a brush for applying a contact fluid on the surface of products, rags for wiping of ultrasonic equipment and the operator’s hands, a metal ruler 500 mm according to GOST 427 markup is OK, the marker or chalk for drawing labels on controlled products, log for log control.
6.5 SI needs to provide the measurement of the echo method using the UI with a smooth envelope.
6.6 SI should ensure that the discretization of the ultrasonic signal with a frequency that exceeds at least 10 times the maximum effective frequency of the used probes.
6.7 SI must contain an analog-to-digital converters have a precision of at least 12.
6.8 Primary acoustic information for each dimension should always be stored on external media, protected from unauthorized access.
6.9 Documentation SI shall contain the measurement procedure and the documents that establish:
— the purpose and scope SI;
— the composition and main characteristics of the hardware and software, including measurement error parameters of the UI;
