GOST R ISO 17640-2016

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  ГОСТ Р ИСО 17640-2016

GOST R ISO 17640−2016 non-destructive testing of welded joints. Ultrasound control. Technology, levels of monitoring and evaluation

GOST R ISO 17640−2016

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Non-destructive testing of welded joints

Ultrasound control. Technology, levels of monitoring and evaluation

Non-destructive testing of weld. Ultrasonic testing. Techniques, testing levels and assessment

OKS 23.040.10
77.040.20
77.140.75*

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* IUS N 8, 2016 GOST R ISO 17640−2016 is with ACS 25.160.40,

here and further. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

Date of introduction 2016−11−01

Preface

1 PREPARED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 357 «Steel and cast iron pipes and cylinders», non-state educational institution of additional professional education «Scientific-training center «testing and diagnostics» («RTC «testing and diagnostics») and Open joint stock company «Russian scientific research Institute of pipe industry» (JSC «RosNITI») on the basis of the official translation into Russian language of the English version in paragraph 4 of the international standard, which is the Federal state unitary enterprise «Russian scientific and technical centre of information on standardization, Metrology and conformity assessment» (FGUP «STANDARTINFORM»)

2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 357 «Steel and cast iron pipes and cylinders"

3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology of April 1, 2016 N 238-St

4 this standard is identical with ISO 17640:2010* «non-destructive testing of the welds. Ultrasound control. Methods, levels of monitoring and evaluation» («Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing — Techniques, testing levels, and assessment», IDT).
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* Access to international and foreign documents referred to here and hereinafter, can be obtained by clicking on the link to the site shop.cntd.ru. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


An international standard developed by ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC44 «welding and allied processes», Subcommittee SC5 on «Diagnosis and control of welds».

The name of this standard changed with respect to names specified international standard to bring it in compliance with GOST 1.5−2012* (paragraph 3.5).
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* Probably, the error of the original. Should read: GOST R 1.5−2012. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


In applying this standard it is recommended to use instead of the referenced international standards corresponding national standards of the Russian Federation, details of which are given in Appendix YES.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Application rules of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0−2012 (section 8). Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards», and the text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

1 Scope

This standard specifies manual ultrasonic inspection of welded joints obtained by fusion welding, metallic materials with a minimum thickness of 8 mm with low attenuation of ultrasound (mainly because of scattering) with the material temperature control from 0 °C to 60 °C. this standard is intended mainly for control of welded joints with full penetration, where the base metal and ferritic weld metal are.

Specified in this standard values depending on the material to steel, the speed of sound which is equal to (5920±50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3255±30) m/s for transverse waves.

This standard defines four levels of control, each corresponding to a different probability of defect detection. Recommendations on the choice of parameters for controls A, b and C given in Appendix A.

The level of control D used in special cases, must comply with the General requirements of this standard. Control level D is only applicable when indicated in the specifications for the products.

It includes control metals that are not related to ferritic steels, the testing of welded joints with incomplete penetration and control with the use of automated equipment and control at temperatures outside the range from 0 °C to 60 °C.

This standard can be used for evaluation of defects in order of acceptance in one of two ways:

a) estimate based on the length and amplitude of signal from defect;

b) evaluation based on characterization and defect size through displacement of the transducer.

The applied method must be agreed upon.

2 Normative references

For the application of this standard requires the following referenced documents are*. For undated references, use the latest edition of the referenced document, including all changes:
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* The table of conformity of national standards international see the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


ISO 5817 Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817 welding. Welded joints in fusion welding of steel, Nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded). Levels of quality depending on the defects)

ISO 9712 Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712 non-destructive testing. Qualification and certification of personnel)

ISO 11666:2010 Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing — Acceptance levels (ISO 11666:2010 non-destructive testing of welded joints. Ultrasound control. The levels of acceptance)

ISO 17635 Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for metallic materials (ISO 17635 non-destructive Control of welded joints. General rules for metallic materials)

ISO 23279 Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing — Characterization of indications in welds (ISO 23279 non-destructive testing of the welds. Ultrasonic testing. Characterization of indications in welded joints)

EN 473 Non-destructive testing. Qualification and certification of NDT personnel. General principles (EH 473 non-destructive testing. Certification and licensing of personnel engaged in NDT. The basic principles)
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YONG 473 replaced by ISO 9712−2012 «non-destructive testing. Qualification and certification of personnel».

EN 583−1 Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: General principles (EH 583−1 non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. Part 1: Basic rules)
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YONG 583−1 replaced by ISO 16810−2012 «non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. General principles».

EN 583−2 Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting (EH 583−2 non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. Part 2. The sensitivity and range settings)
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YONG 583−1 replaced by ISO 16810−2012 «non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. General principles».

YONG 583−2 replaced by ISO 16811−2012 «non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. Adjust the sensitivity and sweep range».

EN 583−4 Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 4: Examination for discontinuities indicate instead to the surface (EH 583−4 non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. Part 4. Control preravista perpendicular to the surface)
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YONG 583−2 replaced by ISO 16811−2012 «non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. Adjust the sensitivity and sweep range».

YONG 583−4 replaced by ISO 16826−2012 «non-destructive testing. Ultrasound control. Detection of discontinuities perpendicular to the surface."

EN 1330−4 Non-destructive testing. Terminology. Terms used in ultrasonic testing (EH 1330−4 non-destructive testing. Terminology. Part 4. Terms used in ultrasonic inspection)

EN 12668 (all parts) Non-destructive testing. Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment. Instruments (EH 12668 (all parts) nondestructive testing. Characterization and verification of equipment for ultrasonic testing)

3 Terms and conventions

This standard applies the terminology according to EN 1330−4 and ISO 17635.

The symbols, their definitions and units are given in table 1.


Table 1 — Symbols, their definitions and units of measurement

Defects (see figure 2) should be considered to be either longitudinal or transverse, depending on the orientation of their longest dimension relative to the axis of the welded connection .

4 Main provisions

This standard describes the General technology of ultrasonic inspection of welds using standard assessment methods to the commonly used welded joints in the temperature control from 0 °C to 60 °C. this standard also includes special requirements for equipment, training and implementation control, preparation of the control Protocol. Settings concerning, first of all converters meet the requirements of ISO 11666, ISO 23279.

5 Information provided by the control

5.1 Matters for negotiation

Before carrying out control it is necessary to agree on the following issues:

a) method reference sensitivity level;

b) the method of evaluation of defects;

c) level of acceptance;

d) level control;

e) stages of production and operation on which to perform the control;

f) qualifications of personnel;

g) the detection of transverse defects;

h) the requirements for the additional control method of tandem (see YONG 583−4);

i) inspection of base metal to and (or) after welding;

j) the need for written control procedure;

k) requirements for written control procedures.

5.2 Required information is provided before the control

Before making control welded joints the operator should be provided with the following necessary information:

a) a written procedure for the control, if present (see 5.3.);

b) the type and method of production of the primary metal (i.e. casting, forging, rolling);

c) the stages of production or operation on which to perform control, including heat treatment if it is carried out;

d) time and volume of each heat treatment after welding;

e) preparation of joints for welding and its dimensions;

f) requirements to the surface quality;

g) welding technology or other information about the welding process;

h) requirements for the control Protocol;

i) the levels of acceptance;

j) volume control, including requirements for transverse defects, if agreed;

k) level control;

I) the qualification of the personnel;

m) actions, if found unacceptable defects.

5.3 Written procedure control

The requirements of this standard meet the standard requirements, written monitoring procedures.

If the control technology under this standard is not applicable to controlled weld, if required by the specification for the products, use additional written control procedures.

6 Requirements for personnel and equipment

6.1 personnel Qualifications

Personnel performing nondestructive testing in accordance with this standard shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 9712 or EN 473 or equivalent documents in the relevant industrial sector.

In addition to knowledge of the fundamentals of ultrasonic testing of welded joints, the staff should have an idea about features of control of the type of welded joints to be controlled.

6.2 Equipment

Equipment used in non-destructive testing in accordance with this standard, shall conform to the requirements EN 12668 (all parts).

6.3 the Parameters of converters

6.3.1 Frequency Converter

The frequency of the transducer is selected in accordance with the established level of acceptance in the range of 2 to 5 MHz.

When assessment is conducted in accordance with the method of evaluation, based on the length and amplitude from the defect, for example according to ISO 11666, initially, control should choose the lowest possible frequency within the above range. A higher frequency can be used to improve the radial resolution when required method of assessment based on the characterization of the defect, for example according to ISO 23279.

The frequency of about 1 MHz can be used to control large values of the path length of the sound when the attenuation in the material above the ordinary.

6.3.2 Angle of incidence of the beam

Under the control of the transverse waves and methods with reflection of the ultrasonic beam from the opposite surface, the angle between the beam and perpendicular to the bottom reflecting surface should be between 35° and 70°. When using more than one typing angle, at least one of them must satisfy this requirement. One of the used probe angle must ensure that the surface of the fusing prosvechivaet at a right angle or at an angle close to direct. When the specifications for the products agreed use of multiple angles of the input, the difference between the nominal probe angle should be 10° or more.

In the case of a curved surface, the angles of the input and reflection from the opposite surface can be determined by the drawing of the cross section of the welded connection or by using the method described in YONG 583−2. If the angles of the input cannot be determined under this standard, a testing Protocol must contain a complete description of the used control schemes and the degree of incomplete control, and a description of the reasons why it happened.

6.3.3 the size of the radiating element

The size of the radiating element should be chosen according to the path length of sound in the unit and the frequency of the transducer.

The smaller the radiating element, the less the length and width of the near zone, the greater the divergence of the beam in the far field at a given frequency of the transducer.

Converters having small radiating elements with a diameter of 6 to 12 mm (or rectangular elements equivalent to the area), should be used for short path length of sound in the product. When a large length of the path of sound, for example more than 100 mm for the direct Converter and more than 200 mm — for angle beam transducer, should be applied to emitting elements diameter of 12 to 24 mm.

6.3.4 Profiling of the probe curvature of the surface

The gap between the testing surface and the contact surface of the prism Converter should be not more than 0.5 mm.

For cylindrical or spherical surfaces this requirement can be checked using the following formula

, (1)

where is the size of the prisms of the inverter in the direction, mm;

 — diameter of workpiece, mm.

If calculated according to the formula (1) gap is obtained more than 0.5 mm, prism Converter needs to be profiled to form a controlled surface, and the sensitivity and range of the sweep controls should be set appropriately.

6.3.5 the Contact liquid

Couplant shall conform to the requirements EN 583−1. The contact liquid used when setting the sensitivity and range of the sweep must be the same as in the control.

7 Volume control

Volume control (see figure 1) is defined as the area which includes the weld and the base metal 10 mm from each side of the weld, or the width of the heat affected zone depending on that more.

Dimensions are in millimeters

Figure 1 — Example of scan when checking for the presence of longitudinal defects

1 — position 1; 2 — position 2; 3 — 3;  — width of the control zone;  — the width of the scanning zone

Figure 1 — Example of scan when checking for the presence of longitudinal defects

Scanning shall be subject to the volume control. If some parts of this volume can not be controlled, at least in one direction, or if the angles of reflection from the opposite surface does not meet the requirements of 6.3.2 shall be agreed upon alternative or additional methods of ultrasonic testing or other NDT methods. In some cases, you may require removal of the reinforcement bead of a welded joint.

As additional methods of control may be used control using angle-beam single crystal probes, transducers of surface waves and other ultrasonic techniques or other suitable NDT methods such as dye penetrant, magnetic particle, radiographic. When choosing an additional or alternative control methods should necessarily take into account the type of the welded connection and the probable orientation of defects to detect.

8 surface Preparation to control

The width of the scanning zone should be sufficient to carry out the volume control (see figure 1). Alternatively, the width of the surface scanning may be reduced if the inspection specified in volume can be achieved by scanning both surfaces of a welded joint (top and bottom).

The surface scan should be smooth and not have contaminants that can adversely affect acoustic contact (e.g. rust, loose mill scale, spatter, notches, grooves). The gap between the surface and the transducer as a result of the waviness of the product should not be more than 0.5 mm. If necessary, you should profile the Converter according to the curvature of the surface. Allowed local violations of the surface shape, for example along the edge of the seam, which lead to increase the clearance to 1 mm, assuming the use in the control with this hand welded joints of at least one additional input angle. This additional scan is needed to compensate for the decrease of the controlled volume due to the clearance of this size.

Surface scan the surface from which the reflection of the ultrasonic beam shall be such as not to disrupt the acoustic contact and reflection conditions.

9 inspection of base metal

The base metal in the scanning area (see figure 1) should be controlled by direct Converter before welding or after it (for example, a preliminary control during the technological process), to ensure that any defects or high damping will not prevent the inspection of the welded joint slanted transducer.

Defects should assess their impact in the control of a slanted transducer with the selected insertion angle and, if necessary, to modify accordingly the control technology. If by ultrasound significantly reduced the required amount of control, consider using another control method (such as radiography).

10 adjusting range and sensitivity

10.1 General provisions

Setting the timebase range and sensitivity should be performed in accordance with this standard and EN 583−2 before the start of the control, whereas the effect of temperature. The temperature difference during setting of the time base range and sensitivity and during the control should be within ±15°C.

Check to confirm that these settings must be performed not less than every 4 hours, and at the end of the control. Also, you should check when you change system settings, or if you have any doubts about the correct settings.

If the test detected abnormalities, you should take corrective actions according to table 2.


Table 2 — Corrective actions in case of deviations of sensitivity and range

10.2 Reference sensitivity level

To configure reference level sensitivity, you should use one of the following ways:

a) method 1 — the reference level is the curve of dependence of the amplitude on the distance (DAC curve) for the side holes with a diameter of 3 mm;

b) method 2 — support level by using longitudinal and transverse waves is the dependence of the amplitude on the distance and diameter (DGS-diagram) for flat-bottomed holes (DSR), which are shown in tables 3 and 4, respectively;

c) method 3 — the reference level is the reflection from a rectangular groove of width 1 mm and depth 1 mm. This method is used only for thickness range 8 mmto 15 mm at the corners of the input is not less than 70°;

d) method 4 for the tandem method, the reference level is set according to the flat-bottomed hole diameter 6mm (for all thicknesses), oriented perpendicular to the surface scan. This method applies only to an angle of incidence of 45° and wall thickness 15 mm.

The length of the lateral holes and slots must be greater than the width of the sound beam (beamwidth) measured at minus 20 dB.


Table 3 — Reference levels for levels of acceptance 2 (AL 2) and 3 (AL 3) for method 2 under the control of a slanted transducer (shear wave)

Dimensions are in millimeters

Table 4 — Reference levels for levels of acceptance 2 (AL2) and 3 (AL3) for method 2 under the control of a direct Converter (longitudinal waves)

Dimensions are in millimeters

10.3 Estimated

All defects equal to or exceeding the evaluation level shall be evaluated.

Estimated levels for methods 1−4 are given in ISO 11666:2010, table A. 1.

10.4 Correction of acoustic contact

When setting the reference level uses a separate tuning samples, determine the difference in acoustic contact between the test object and displaying a model in several typical areas. The appropriate method described in YONG 583−2.

If the difference is less than 2 dB, correction is not required.

If the difference is more than 2 dB, but not more than 12 dB, it should be compensated.

If the difference exceeds 12 dB, it is necessary to analyze the causes of these losses and to further surface preparation if possible.

If there is no apparent reason for the use of large quantities of the amendments should be measured attenuation coefficient at different points of the test object, and if it changes significantly, you should consider the introduction of corrective actions.

10.5 signal-to-noise

During an inspection of a welded joint noise, eliminating false surface reflections, should remain at least 12 dB below the estimated level. This requirement may be relaxed in accordance with the specification for the products.

11 Levels of control

Requirements to quality of welded joints is mainly associated with material, welding process and operating conditions. To meet all these requirements this standard defines four levels of control (A, b, C, D).

The probability of a defect rises from level A to level C due to the increase control, e.g. number of scans, mechanical surface treatment (of the reinforcement bead). Control level D can be applied in special cases in accordance with a written procedure, which should be considered the basic requirements of this standard.

In General, the levels of control associated with the levels of quality (e.g. ISO 5817). The corresponding control level may be determined according to the norms of inspection of welded joints (e.g. ISO 17635), labor standards or other documents.

For control standards at ISO 17635 recommended levels of control are shown in table 5.


Table 5 — Recommended levels of control

Specific criteria for levels of control And With for various types of welded joints are given in Appendix A. Shows the types of welded joints are perfect examples; when the real welding conditions or availability does not correspond to the shown cases, the control technology needs to be changed so that control in accordance with the main requirements of this standard and the requirements of the specified level of control. In this case, you should prepare a written procedure.

12 control Technology

12.1 General provisions

Ultrasonic testing should be carried out in accordance with the YONG 583−1 with the requirements specified in 12.2 to 12.5.

12.2 Diagram manual scan

During the scanning of the inclined Converter (see figure 1), turn the Converter on an angle of approximately 10° relative to the acoustic axis.

12.3 testing for the presence of defects oriented perpendicular to the surface

Planar defects oriented perpendicular to the surface and not leaving it difficult to identify when control inclined combined transducer. For such a defect should develop a specific technology of control, especially when control of welded joints with large wall thickness of the product. The use of such control technology must be specified in a written control procedure.

12.4 Determination of location of defects

The locations of all detected defects should be referenced to the coordinate system (see figure 2). On the surface of an object, select the point which will be the origin for measurements.

If the control is carried out with more than one surface, the origin point should be selected for each surface. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to relative positions in space of all used point to the absolute location of each defect could be installed scheduled for each data points.

In the case of circumferential welds may be required to determine the point on the outer and inner surfaces prior to Assembly for welding.

Figure 2 — the coordinate System to determine the location of defects

0 — origin

Note — the Definitions for , , , , , are given in table 1.

Figure 2 — the coordinate System to determine the location of defects

12.5 Determination of defect parameters

12.5.1 General provisions

All the defects, the signals from exceeding the evaluation level shall be evaluated in accordance with 12.5.2−12.5.4.

12.5.2 the Maximum amplitude of the signal

Moving the Converter should maximize signal amplitude and to fix its value relative to the reference level.

12.5.3 the length of the defect

The length of the defect in the longitudinal and transverse directions (, ) should be determined in the manner described in the standard that defines levels of acceptance, unless otherwise agreed.

12.5.4 the height of the defect

The height measurement of the defect should be made only in the case that it requires a specification for the product.

12.5.5 Characteristics of defects

If it is determined by the specification for the products, defects must be evaluated in accordance with ISO 23279.

13 control Protocol

The audit log must include, at a minimum, the following information:

a) characteristics of the test object:

1) material and shape parts,

2) geometrical dimensions,

3) location is controlled by the welded connection,

4) the sketch with the dimensions if necessary

5) welding technology and heat treatment

6) the country of origin,

7) the status of the surface

8) the temperature of the test object;

b) the requirements of the agreement, such as technical conditions, regulations, special arrangements, etc.;

c) place and date of inspection;

d) the data of the organization conducting the control, operator control and his qualification;

e) manufacturer and type of ultrasonic flaw detector with the serial number, if necessary;

f) manufacturer, type, nominal frequency, the size of the radiating element and the actual angle of the input Converter with the serial number, if necessary;

g) adjusting the samples (standard samples of the enterprise) and sketches, if necessary;

h) couplant (grease);

i) level (level) control and a link to the written procedure control, if used;

j) a volume control;

k) the location of the scanning zone;

I) the origin and coordinate system in accordance with 12.4;

m) a control circuit in accordance with Annex A or pattern;

n) range time base;

o) the method and the ISO sensitivity (gain reference level and the adjustment value for the acoustic contact);

R) reference levels;

q) the result of the inspection of base metal;

r) standards for levels of acceptance;

s) deviations from this standard or requirements of the contract;

t) the coordinates of the defects in accordance with 12.4, with indication of the relevant inverter and the monitoring circuit;

u) the maximum amplitude of the signal in accordance with 12.5.2 and information about the type and size of the defect, if necessary;

v) the length of the defect in accordance with 12.5.3;

w) the results of the evaluation of the defects according to the applicable levels of acceptance;

x) reference to this standard.

Annex a (mandatory). Levels of control for different types of welded joints

Appendix A
(required)

Requirements for levels of control for different types of welded joints are given in figures A. 1-A. 7 and tables A. 1-A. 7.

Figure A. 1 — Butt welded joint of plates and pipes

1 — item 1; 2 — top view; 3 — detail 2; 4 — side view; A, b, C, D, E, F, G, H, W, X, Y, Z — scheme of control;  — the width of the scanning zone (SZW), which depends on (is a projection of the way once the reflected beam)

Figure A. 1 — Butt welded joint of plates and pipes