GOST R ISO 22034-1-2013
GOST R ISO 22034−1-2013 steel Wire and products from it. Part 1. General test methods
GOST R ISO 22034−1-2013
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
STEEL WIRE AND PRODUCTS FROM IT
Part 1. General test methods
Steel wire and wire products — Part 1: General test methods
OKS 77.040.10*
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* ICS 11−2014 GOST R ISO 22034−1-2013 is with ACS
— Note the manufacturer’s database.
Date of introduction 2014−10−01
Preface
1 PREPARED AND SUBMITTED by the Federal state unitary enterprise «all-Russian research center of standardization, information and certification of raw materials, materials and substances» (FSUE «UNICEPS») based on authentic translation into Russian language specified in paragraph 3 of the standard, which is FSUE «STANDARTINFORM"
2 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology, dated 22 November 2013 No. 1565-St
3 this standard is identical with ISO 22034−1:2007* «steel Wire and products from it. Part 1. General test methods» (ISO 22034−1:2007 Steel wire and wire products — Part 1: General test methods)
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* Access to international and foreign documents referred to here and hereinafter, can be obtained by clicking on the link to the site shop.cntd.ru. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Application rules of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0−2012 (section 8). Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards» and the official text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the upcoming issue of the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru)
1 Scope
This standard specifies test methods steel wire and its products, which have passed the cold treatment, annealing, quenching in oil and tempering and/or coating, and have a constant cross section (round or special profiles).
The standard establishes the following test methods: tensile test, the torsion test, bend test, a test of the wave, the bend test, the torsion test with direction change, compression test, test for deep etching, hardness, determination of the hardenability during quenching test, the fatigue, the measurement of the wire riots, artificial ageing test determination of depth of decarburization test methods non-destructive testing, determination of grain size, determination of the segregation, the definition of non-metallic inclusions and chemical analysis.
2 Normative references
The present standard features references to the following standards*:
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* The table of conformity of national standards international see the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
ISO 377 Steel and steel products. Location and preparation of samples and specimens for mechanical testing (ISO 377 Steel and steel products — Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing)
ISO 404 Steel and steel products. General technical delivery conditions (ISO 404 Steel and steel products — General technical delivery requirements)
ISO 643 Steel. Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size (Steels — Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size)
ISO 3887 Steel. Determination of depth of decarburization (Steels — Determination of depth of decarburization)
ISO 4967 Steel. Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions. Metallographic method using standard reference scales (ISO 4967 Steel — Determination of content of non-metallic inclusions — Micrographic method using standard diagrams)
ISO 6506−1 metallic Materials. Definition of hardness Brinell. Part 1. Measurement method (ISO 6506−1 Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method)
ISO 6507−1 metallic Materials. Hardness test by Vickers. Part 1. Measurement method (ISO 6507−1 Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method)
ISO 6508−1 metallic Materials. Determination of Rockwell hardness. Part 1. Measurement method (scales A, b, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508−1 Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T))
ISO 6892 metallic Materials. The tensile test. Part 1. Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892 Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature)
ISO 7800 metallic Materials. Wire. Tests on a simple curl (ISO 7800 Metallic materials — Wire — Simple torsion test)
ISO 7801 metallic Materials. Wire. The bend test (ISO 7801 Metallic materials — Wire — Reverse bend test)
ISO 7802 metallic Materials. Wire. Method of test for winding (ISO 7802 Metallic materials — Wire — Wrapping test)
ISO 9649−90 Materials metal. Wire. The torsion test with change of direction (ISO 9649 Metallic materials — Wire — Reverse torsion test)
ISO/9769 Steel and iron. Review of existing methods of analysis (ISO/TR 9769 Steel and iron — Review of available methods of analysis)
ISO 16120−1 non-alloy steel wire rods for manufacture of wire. Part 1. General requirements (ISO 16120−1 Non-alloy steel wire rod for conversion to wire — Part 1: General requirements)
3 tensile Test
3.1 General situation
The tensile test is carried out according to ISO 6892 at ambient temperature.
3.2 Type test sample
Test samples are taken according to ISO 377, using the full cross-section, i.e. they must be in rough parts of the wire.
3.3 Preparation of test samples
Test specimens should be straightened with care to prevent damage, according to ISO 377 and ISO 6892.
3.4 cross-sectional Area
For the calculations in tension using the actual dimensions of the test samples. Use the nominal dimensions, if specified in the product standard or order. For non-circular wire cross-section source cross-section can be determined by the weight of wire of known length and its density.
3.5 Method of capturing test samples
When testing small diameters (less than or equal to 1 mm), it is recommended to roll the ends of the wire around a round rod or disc and pin in order to avoid breakage of wire in the area of capture.
3.6 tensile Test of the associated wire
Tensile tests of the wire is associated a simple node in the middle of the test piece, carried out according to ISO 6892.
Test 4 simple torsion
Tests for simple torsion is carried out according to ISO 7800. In the case of primary fracture it is necessary to re-test in accordance with ISO 404. If possible, re-test is carried out at a speed of (1±0,2) revs/s.
If necessary, the characteristics of rupture when tested in torsion is determined on the basis of Table 1.
Note: For a wire of small diameters it is sometimes impossible to distinguish between the types of gap, described in table 1 (the so-called 2b and 3b).
Table 1 — Evaluation of damage during the test for twisting
| Break type | Marking | Appearance | Description and features |
The plane of the gap | |
| The normal gap when twisting | 1 | and | Smooth — plane of the gap perpendicular to the wire axis (or slightly oblique). No cracks in the plane of the gap |
||
| b | Fragile — plane of the gap at an angle of 45° to the axis of the wire. No cracks in the plane of the gap | ||||
| The gap with the local crack | 2 | and | Smooth — plane of the gap perpendicular to the axis of the wire and partially cracked |
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| Normal gap (material defect) | b | Stepped — a part of the plane of the break is smooth. Partially cracked | |||
| with | The uneven plane of the gap. No cracks in the plane of the gap |
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| The gap with spiral cracks over the whole length of the sample (or most of it) cracking occurs after several twists (3 to 5) and is best seen during the test |
3 | and | Smooth — Plane of the gap perpendicular to the axis of the wire and partially or entirely cracked |
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| b | Stepped — a part of the plane of the break is smooth and partially or completely cracked | ||||
| with | Fragile, a Plane of rupture makes an angle of 45° to the axis of the wire and partially or completely cracked | ||||
| Or The uneven plane of the gap and partially or completely cracked | |||||
5 Test for inflection
The test bend is carried out according to ISO 7801, with the following amendments for automatic counters.
If the test stand is equipped with an automatic counter running on the limit switches, the first bend of 90° counts as one bend and the second bend is 180° in the opposite direction. The number of excesses believe the last number received prior to destruction.
6 Test winding
The test winding is carried out according to ISO 7802. This test may be performed to assess plasticity, adhesion or ability of the wire to form a rebellion, as set out in the relevant standard for the product.
7 bend Test
When tested in bending the wire bend around a mandrel of a certain diameter for a fixed angle in one operation with the ambient temperature. Details are given in the relevant standard for the product.
8 Test for alternating torsion
Tests for alternating torsion with the direction change carried out in accordance with ISO 9649 with the following addition.
Tests are conducted to detect surface defects and to assess plasticity.
9 compression Test
9.1 Appointment
The test is intended for detection of surface defects. This test is not carried out for wire diameters less than 4.0 mm.
9.2 Principle
Direct test sample wire, equal in length to 1 (or 1.5) to the diameter of the wire is cut so that the slices are at right angles to the axis of the wire. The test sample is placed on a flat surface of a test stand for compression and compressed at room temperature in the direction of the axis of the wire to a specified percentage of its total length. The compressed test sample is examined for surface cracking. The degree of acceptability is fitted as standard to the product.
10 Test for deep etching
10.1 Appointment
Test deep etching is carried out for detection of surface defects.
10.2 the Principle
Cool the test piece deformed by the extractor, degreased, as necessary, by washing and drying. High carbon steel is carried out for stress relief from the test sample by heating and aging at a temperature of from 400 °C to 500 °C for 15 min and subsequent cooling at ambient temperature before etching. With the exception of the samples with a diameter greater than 5.00 mm and the samples with annealed structures, the test piece immersed in a mixture consisting of 50% by volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 50% by volume of water at a temperature of at least 60 °C for a period equal to 2 for every 0.025 mm of diameter, but not more than 5 min. the Test samples with a diameter greater than 5.00 mm and the samples annealed structures are allowed to be immersed in the solution for no more than 10 min.
The test sample was examined for surface defects. To determine the depth of defects they are filled in, the difference in thickness before and after filling in the register as the depth of the defect. For the final evaluation of the defects used optical microstructural analysis.
11 hardness
Hardness test carried out in accordance with ISO 6506−1, ISO 6507−1 or ISO 6508−1 as set out in the product standard or order. It is desirable to make a distinction between surface hardness, core hardness and through hardness.
Note — there is no relationship between hardness and tensile strength.
12 Determination of hardenability
The test samples for determining hardenability is heated in a neutral or reducing atmosphere furnace to the quenching temperature set for the type of steel, and kept at this temperature until complete austenization.
The samples were then removed from the furnace and immediately quenched in the quenching oil for severe to complete alignment of the temperature. Quenching oil for severe conditions should have a temperature of (50±10)°C should be sufficient and well-mixed and, together with the speed of the dive must ensure that the test samples of the temperature of the quenching oil without significant delay. Then subjected to the hardness test in accordance with section 11 respectively prepared test sample. It is desirable to distinguish between core hardness and through hardness. In case of disagreement it is necessary to apply to the value of Jomini hardenability in the initial billet of a particular steel.
13 a Test of fatigue (in bending with rotation and axial load)
Tests used for the wire are tested for fatigue under axial load or a fatigue test at a bending with rotation. In these tests the possible variability. Therefore, you must be very cautious in interpreting the results of one test against the results obtained with another test. The complexity of the interpretation that the special instructions given in the relevant standards for the product.
14 Dimension of the set of turns of wire
14.1 General provisions
14.1.1 the Set of turns of wire is characterized by a form of coil wire unwound from riot or from the drum and freely lying on a flat horizontal surface or freely suspended on the rod, as installed in one of the tests described below. On a flat surface the ends of the spiral can lie down together (closed coil) or separated (open coil).
Note — For this part of this standard the terms «riot», «drum», «spool» and «bobbin» are synonymous.
14.1.2 rebellion cut off enough wire to get several full turns of wire (one for each test), while the absence of bending and damaging the wire (figure 1).
Figure 1 — Sampling of wire
and Cut a few turns of wire from the rebellion and from the received sample cut off one coil for measurement.
Figure 1 — Sampling of wire
14.1.3 carry out measurements in accordance with 14.2−14.4 to determine the degree of roundness and the helicity of the set of turns.
14.2 the roundness of the set of turns
To measure the degree of roundness of the coils, i.e. inner diameter of the coil, the coil is placed on a flat horizontal surface and measure the average diameter (see Figures 2 and 3, which show the difference between the indoor and outdoor coils).
Figure 2 — Closed round
and Cut ends touch each other.
Figure 2 — Closed round
Figure 3 — Open round
and Cut ends are separated.
Figure 3 — Open round
14.3 Riot with helicity, as measured at right angles to the coil plane
14.3.1 General provisions
To measure the riot with helicity (i.e. with displacement of the ends of the cut coil wire) at right angles to the plane of the coil wire, use either method A or method b In accordance with 14.3.2 and 14.3.3, respectively. To select the test method you need to use the normative documents of the relevant products.
14.3.2 Method And
Coil of wire suspended in the middle of the rod, like a round pencil, so that the ends of the cut are located at the lowest point of the coil and the two ends hanging loosely just under the point of suspension. Measure the separation of the ends at right angles to the coil plane (see figure 4).
Figure 4 — a Riot with helicity, as measured at right angles to the coil plane (method A)
Figure 4 — a Riot with helicity, as measured at right angles to the coil plane (method A)
14.3.3 Method In
The coil of wire is placed on a flat horizontal surface and measure the vertical distance between the ends (see figure 5).
Figure 5 — Riot with helicity, as measured at right angles to the coil plane (method C)
Figure 5 — Riot with helicity, as measured at right angles to the coil plane (method C)
This method is used only in the case where the combination of wire diameter and roundness of a set of coils creates conditions that reduce the degree of helicity of turns or completely eliminates it.
14.4 Riot with helicity measured in the plane of revolution
To assess the degree of helicity of turns in the coil plane, flat horizontal surface is placed one revolution and measure the horizontal distance between its ends (figure 6).
Figure 6 — a Riot helicity measured in the plane of revolution
Figure 6 — a Riot helicity measured in the plane of revolution
15 Artificial aging
To conduct artificial aging, the test sample is heated to a temperature of at least 100 °C ± 5 °C and kept at this temperature for at least 1 h ±5 min, and then conduct the relevant test on a cold sample.
16 Determination of depth of decarburization
The depth of decarburization is determined in accordance with ISO 3887. Details test method for specific products in the appropriate product standard.
17 non-destructive testing
Wire and products from it have a specific designation, can be continuously checked by eddy current or ultrasonic method with the concurrence of the sensitivity of the applied method. Where necessary, the relevant details established in the product standards.
18 Determination of grain size
Define the size of the grain is carried out in accordance with ISO 643.
19 Definition of segregation
The definition of segregation is carried out in accordance with ISO 16120−1.
20 the Definition of non-metallic inclusions
Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions is carried out in accordance with ISO 4967.
21 Chemical analysis
Chemical composition determines one of the methods given in ISO/9769.
22 Re-test
With all the re-testing apply the requirements of ISO 404.
App YES (reference). Information about the compliance of the referenced international standards reference the national standards of the Russian Federation (and acting in this capacity to international standards)
App YES
(reference)
Table YES.1
| Designation and name of the referenced international standard (international paper) | Designation and name of the referenced international standard (international paper) another year of publication |
The degree of compliance | Name and abbreviation of the national standard |
| ISO 643:2012 Steels. Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size | ISO 643:2003 Steels. Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size |
IDT | GOST R ISO 643−2011 |
| ISO 3887:2003 Steels. Determination of depth of decarburization | ISO 3887−77 Steel unalloyed and low-alloyed. Determination of depth of decarburization |
IDT | GOST 1763−68 (ISO 3887−77) Steel. Methods for determining the depth bezoperatsionnogo layer |
| ISO 4967:2013 Steel. Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions. Micrographic method using standard diagrams | ISO 4967:2003 Steel. Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions. Micrographic method using standard diagrams | IDT | GOST R ISO 4967−2009 Steel. Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions. Metallographic method using standard reference scales |
| ISO 6506−1 metallic Materials. Definition of hardness Brinell. Part 1. Method of measurement |
ISO 6506−81 Materials metal. The hardness test. Hardness Brinell | IDT | GOST 9012−59Металлы. Method of measuring hardness Brinell hardness |
| ISO 6507−1-2007 Materials metal. Hardness test by Vickers. Part 1. Method of measurement |
- | IDT | GOST R ISO 6507−1-2007 Metals and alloys. Measurement of hardness by Vickers. Part 1. Method of measurement |
| ISO 6508−1:2005 metallic Materials. Determination of Rockwell hardness. Part 1. Measurement method (scales A, b, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) |
ISO 6508−86 Materials metal. The hardness test. Determining Rockwell hardness (scales A-b-C-D-E-F-G-H-K) | IDT | GOST 9013 (ISO 6508−86) Metals. Method of measuring Rockwell hardness |
| ISO 7800:2012, metallic Materials. Wire. Test method for simple torsion |
ISO 7800:2003 metallic Materials. Wire. Test method for simple torsion | IDT | GOST ISO 7800−2013Материалы metal. Wire. Test method for simple torsion |
| ISO 7801:1984 metallic Materials. Wire. Test for inflection | ISO 7801:1984 metallic Materials. Wire. Test for inflection |
IDT | GOST 1579−93 (ISO 7801:1984) Wire. Test method for bend |
| ISO 7802:83 metal Materials. Wire. Method of test for winding |
ISO 7802:83 metal Materials. Wire. Method of test for winding | IDT | GOST 10447−93 (ISO 7802:83) Wire. Method of test for winding |
| ISO 9649:90 metal Materials. Wire. The torsion test with change of direction |
- | IDT | GOST R 50708−94 (ISO 9649−90) Wire. Test method for alternating torsion |
| Notes: 1 In this table the following symbols have been used the degree of conformity of standards: — IDT — identical standards 2 other reference standards, relevant national standards do not exist. Prior to approval, it is recommended to use the translation on Russian language data standards. The translation of these standards is in the Federal information Fund of technical regulations and standards. | |||
