GOST R ISO 3581-2009

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  ГОСТ Р ИСО 3581-2009

GOST R ISO 3581−2009 Materials welding. The covered electrodes for manual arc welding of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels. Classification

GOST R ISO 3581−2009

Group В05

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Materials welding

THE COVERED ELECTRODES FOR MANUAL ARC WELDING OF CORROSION-RESISTANT AND HEAT-RESISTANT STEELS

Classification

Welding consumables. Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels. Classification

OKS 25.160.20

Date of introduction 2011−01−01

Preface

The objectives and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation established by the Federal law of 27 December 2002 N 184-FZ «On technical regulation», and rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation — GOST R 1.0−2004 «Standardization in the Russian Federation. The main provisions"

Data on standard

1 PREPARED by the Federal state institution „Scientific-educational center „welding and control“ at MGTU im. N. Uh. Bauman (FGU NUCS at MSTU named after N. Uh. Bauman), the National Agency for Control and Welding (NAKS) and Saint-Petersburg state Polytechnical University (SPbSTU) on the basis of their own authentic translation of the standard referred to in paragraph 4

2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 364 „welding and allied processes"

3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology of December 15, 2009 788-St

4 this standard is identical to international standard ISO 3581:2003 (E)* „Materials and welding. The covered electrodes for manual arc welding of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels. Classification“ (ISO 3581:2003 (E) „Welding consumables — Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels — Classification“), as amended by ISO 3581:2003/DAM 1: „Materials welding. The covered electrodes for manual arc welding of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels. Classification“ (ISO 3581:2003/DAM 1 „Welding consumables — Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels — Classification“)

In applying this standard it is recommended to use instead of the referenced international standards corresponding national standards, the details of which are given in Appendix YES

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annually issued reference index „National standards“, and the text changes and amendments — in monthly indexes published information „National standards“. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in a monthly information index „National standards“. Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet

1 Scope

This standard specifies requirements for classification of covered electrodes for manual arc welding of corrosion-resistant (stainless) and heat-resistant steels based on chemical composition of the weld metal, type of coating and other properties of the electrode and mechanical properties of the weld metal in the as-welded or heat treatment.

This standard contains the technical requirements for classification, using methods based on nominal chemical composition (hereinafter „classification according to nominal composition“), and doping (the „classification system of doping“).

Notes

1) the Sections, subsections and tables indicating „classification according to nominal composition“ or ISO 3581-A is applicable only to covered electrodes classified by this method.

2) the Sections, subsections and tables indicating „classification system of doping“ or ISO 3581-applicable only to covered electrodes classified by this method.

3) Sections, subsections and tables without specifying a classification method applicable to covered electrodes classified by both methods.

2 Normative references

In this standard used by dated or undated references to international standards. With dated references subsequent edition of the international standards or changes to them are valid for this standard only after the introduction of the amendments to this standard or by preparing a new edition of this standard. With undated references the latest edition of the listed standard (including amendments).

ISO 544 welding Materials. Technical delivery conditions for filler materials. Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and marking

ISO 544 Welding consumables — Technical delivery conditions for welding filler materials — Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and markings

ISO 2401 covered Electrodes. The performance of the surfacing, the ratio of the transition metal and the deposition rate

ISO 2401, Covered electrodes — Determination of the efficiency, metal recovery and deposition coefficient

ISO 6847 welding consumables Materials. The surfacing layer of metal for chemical analysis

ISO 6847 Welding consumables — Deposition of a weld metal pad for chemical analysis

ISO 6947 Welds welded. The operating positions. Definition of angles of slope and rotation

ISO 6947 Welds — Working positions — Definitions of angles of slope and rotation

ISO 8249 welding. Determination of ferrite number (FN) in the deposited metal of austenitic and ferrite-austenitic CR-Ni stainless steel

ISO 8249 Welding — Determination of Ferrite Number (FN) in austenitic and duplex austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals

ISO 13916 welding. Manual on the measurement of preheating temperature, temperature of the metal between weld passes and the temperature of the associated heating

ISO 13916 Welding — Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature

ISO 14344 welding and allied processes. The processes of electric welding under flux and in shielding gases. Recommendations for purchase of welding materials

ISO 14344 Welding and allied processes — Flux and gas shielded electrical welding processes — Procurement guidelines for consumables

ISO 15792−1:2000 welding Materials. Test methods. Part 1. Test methods samples of the weld material during welding of steel, Nickel and Nickel alloys

ISO 15792−1:2000 Welding consumables — Test methods — Part 1: Test methods for all-weld metal test specimens in steel, nickel and nickel alloys

ISO 15792−3 Materials welding. Test methods. Part 3. Classification testing of welding materials for the welding position and weld the root pass in fillet welds

15792−3 ISO Welding consumables — Test methods — Part 3: Classification testing of positional capacity and root penetration of welding consumables in a fillet weld

ISO 80000−1:2009 Quantities and units of measurement. Part 1. General*

ISO 80000−1:2009 Quantities and units — Part 1: General*

_________________

* ISO 80000−1:2009 cancels and replaces ISO 31−0:1992.


Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards and codes in the information system of General use — on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation on standardization in the Internet or published annually by the information sign „National standards“ published as on January 1 of the current year and related information published monthly indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), when using this standard should be guided by replacing (amended) standard. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, then the situation in which the given link applies to the extent that does not affect this link.

3 Classification

This standard uses two classification methods to specify the chemical composition of the deposited weld metal obtained by this electrode.

In the classification of „nominal composition“ use coded to indicate the nominal content of alloying elements, arranged in a specific order, and some other symbols to denote low but significant levels of other elements, the levels of which cannot be expressed by integers.

In the classification according to „system of doping“ used the traditional designation of groups of items, consisting of three or four digits, and, in some cases, an additional mark or marks for modifications of the content of each source element in the group.

Both methods include additional symbols to indicate some other classification requirements.

Table 1 presents the list of tests required for classification of the electrodes for each of the classification methods.


Table 1 — List of testing requirements

The symbol electrode		The welding position
GOST R ISO 3581-A	GOST R ISO 3581-	The diameter of the elec- electrode, mm	for chemical analysis		to conduct the tensile tests of the weld metal		for testing a fillet weld
GOST R ISO 3581-A	GOST R ISO 3581-	GOST R ISO 3581-A	GOST R ISO 3581-	GOST R ISO 3581-A	GOST R ISO 3581-
Type of covering, welding position 1, 2	Welding position and type of coverage -15	3,2; 3,0	RA	RA	*	*	PB, PF, PD	*
4,0	The same	RA	RA	*	PB, PF, PD
5,0; 4,8	*	*	*	The same	RV
6,0; 5,6; 6,4	The same	The same	The same	“	The same
All types of coating, welding position 3	**	3,2; 3,0	RA	**	*	**	RV	**
4,0	The same	RA	*
5,0; 4,8	*	*	The same
All types of coating, welding position 4	The welding position -4 and all types of coverage	2,4; 2,5	*	RA	*	*	*	PG
3,2; 3,0	RA	The same	The same
4,0	The same	RA	RA
5,0; 4,8	*	*	*
All types of coating, welding position 5	**	3,2; 3,0	RA	**	*	**	PB, PG	**
4,0	The same	RA	*
5,0; 4,8	*	*	The same
Coating type R, welding position 1, 2	Welding position and type of coverage -16, -17	3,2; 3,0	RA	RA	*	*	PB, PF, PD	*
4,0	The same	The same	RA	RA	*	PB, PF, PD
5,0; 4,8	*	“	*	*	The same	RV
6,0; 5,6; 6,4	The same	*	The same	The same	»	The same
Not applicable	Welding position and type of coverage -26, -27	3,2; 3,0	**	RA	**	*	**	*
4,0	RA	RV
5,0; 4,8	*	The same
6,0; 5,6; 6,4	The same	"
If the electrode of any diameter is available, it should be replaced by the nearest of the produced (provided that diameter differs from that shown in this table). Abbreviations PA, PB, PD, PF and PG indicate the welding positions according to ISO 6947: RA — down position; RV — horizontal (fillet weld); PD — ceiling; PF — vertical welding from the bottom up; PG — vertical welding from the top down. * The welding position is not regulated. ** The welding position is not applied.

In most cases, a specific electrode can be classified by both methods. In these cases you can use either one of the classification symbols, or both.

3A Classification according to nominal composition

The classification includes the properties of the weld metal obtained with a covered electrode as given below. It is based on the use of electrode with a diameter of 4.0 mm.

The classification marking consists of five characters:

1) first symbol-covered electrode (see 4.1 A);

2) the second symbol of the chemical composition of the weld metal (see table 2);

3) third symbol-type electrode coating (see section 4.3 A);

4) the fourth symbol of the effective transfer of the metal electrode (the ratio of the mass of metal, deposited under standard conditions to the mass of the electrode rod) and type of current (see table 4A);

5) the fifth symbol position of the weld (see table 5A).

Table 2 — Requirements for chemical composition

Classification symbol at		Chemical composition, % (by weight)
nominal composition (GOST R ISO 3581-A)	the system Legerova- niya(GOST R ISO 3581-B)	With	Si	Mn	R	S	Cr	Ni	Mo	Cu	Nb+Ta	N
-	409Nb	0,12	1,0	Of 1.00	0,040	0,030	11,0- 14,0	0,6	0,75	0,75	0,50- 1,50	-
13	(410)	1,50	0,030	0,025	-
(13)	410	0,9	Of 1.00	0,040	0,030	0,7	-
13 4	(410NiMo)	0,06	1,0	1,50	0,030	0,025	3,0−5,0	0,40- Of 1.00	-
(13 4)	410NiMo	0,9	Of 1.00	0,040	0,030	11,0- 12,5	A 4.0 5,0	0,40- 0,70	-
17	(430)	0,12	1,0	1,50	0,030	0,025	16,0- 18,0	0,6	0,75	-
(17)	430	0,10	0,9	Of 1.00	0,040	0,030	15,0- 18,0	-
-	430Nb	1,0	0,50- 1,50
19 9	(308)	0,08	1,2	Of 2.00	0,030	0,025	18,0- 21,0	9.0 to 11,0	-	-
(19 9)	308	1,0	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	-
19 9 H	(308H)	0,04- 0,08	1,2	Of 2.00	0,030	0,025	-
(19 9 H)	308H	1,0	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	-
19 9 L	(308L)	0,04	1,2	Of 2.00	0,030	0,025	-
(19 9 L)	308L	1,0	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	9.0 to 12,0	-
(20 10 3)	308Мо	0,08	2,00- Of 3.00	-
-	308LMo	0,04	-
-	349	0,13	8,0- 10,0	0,35- 0,65	0,75- 1,20
19 9Nb	(347)	0,08	1,2	2,0	0,030	0,025	9.0 to 11,0	0,75	8-1,10
(19 9Nb)	347	1,0	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	8-1,00
-	347L	0,04
19 12 2	(316)	0,08	1,2	Of 2.00	0,030	0,025	17,0- 20,0	10,0- 3,0	2,00- Of 3.00	-	-
(19 12 2)	316	1,0	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	11,0- 4,0	-
(19 12 2)	316H	0,04- 0,08	-
(19 12 3L)	316L	0,04	-
19 12 3L	(316L)	1,2	Of 2.00	0,030	0,025	10,0- 3,0	2,50- Of 3.00	-
-	316LCu	1,0	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	11,0- 6,0	1,20- 2,75	1,00- 2,50	-
-	317	0,08	18,0- 21,0	12,0- 4,0	3,00- Of 4.00	0,75	-
-	317L	0,04	-
19 12 3 Nb	(318)	0,08	1,2	Of 2.00	0,030	0,025	17,0- 20,0	10,0- 13,0	2,50- Of 3.00	8-1,10
(19 12 3 Nb)	318	0,08	1,0	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	17,0- 20,0	11,0- 14,0	2,00- Of 3.00	6-1,0
19 13 4 N L	-	0,04	1,2	1,00- 5,00	0,030	0,025	12,0- 15,0	3,00- 4,50	-	0,20
-	320	0,07	0,6	0,50- 2,50	0,040	0,030	19,0- 21,0	32,0- 36,0	2,00- Of 3.00	3,00- Of 4.00	8-1,0	-
-	320LR	0,03	0,3	1,50- 2,50	0,020	0,015	8-0,4
22 9 3 N L	(2209)	0,04	1,2	2,50	0,030	0,025	21,0- 24,0	7,5- 10,5	2,50- Of 4.00	0,75	-	0,08- 0,20
(22 9 3 N L)	2209	1,0	0,50- Of 2.00	0,040	0,030	The 21.5- 23,5	2,50- 3,50
23 7 N L	0,40- 1,5	0,030	0,020	22,5- 25,5	6,5- 10,0	0,80	0,50	0,10- 0,20
25 7 2 N L	-	1,2	Of 2.00	0,035	0,025	24,0- 28,0	6,0- 8,0	1,00- Of 3.00	0,75	0,20
25 9 3 Cu N L	(2593)	2,50	0,030	24,0- 27,0	7,5- 10,5	2,50- Of 4.00	1,50- 3,50	0,10- 0,25
25 9 4 N L	(2593)	8,0- 11,0	2,50- 4,50	1,50	0,20- 0,30
-	2553	0,06	1,0	0,50- 1,50	0,040	0,030	6,5- 8,5	2,90- 3,90	1,50- 2,50	0,10- 0,25
(25 9 3 Cu N L)	2593	0,04	An 8.5 10,5	1,50- Of 3.00	0,08 — 0,25
18 15 3 L	-	1,2	1,00- Of 4.00	0,030	0,025	16,5- 19,5	14,0- 17,0	2,50- 3,50	0,75	-
18 16 5 N L	-	0,035	17,0- 20,0	15,5- 19,0	3,50- 5,00	0,20
20 25 5 Cu N L	(385)	0,030	19,0- 22,0	24,0- 27,0	4,00- 7,00	1,00- Of 2.00	0,25
20 16 3 Mn N L	-	5,00- 8,00	0,035	18,0- 21,0	15,0- 18,0	2,50- 3,50	0,75	0,20
25 22 2 N L	-	1,00- 5,00	0,030	24,0- 27,0	20,0- 23,0	2,00- Of 3.00
27 31 4 Cu L	-	2,50	26,0- 29,0	30,0- 33,0	3,00- 4,50	0,60- 1,50	-
18 8 Mn	-	0,20	4,50- 7,50	0,035	17,0- 20,0	7,0- 10,0	0,75	0,75	-	-
18 9 Mn Mo	(307)	0,04- 0,14	3,00- 5,00	18,0- 21,5	9.0 to 11,0	0,50- 1,50
(18 9 Mn Mo)	307	1,0	3,30- 4,75	0,040	0,030	9.0 to 10,7
20 10 3	(308Mo)	0,10	1,2	2,50	0,030	0,025	18,0- 21,0	9.0 to 12,0	1,50- 3,50
23 12 L	(309L)	0,04	22,0- 25,0	11,0- 14,0	0,75
(23 12 L)	309L	Of 1.00	0,5- 2,5	0,040	0,030	12,0- 14,0	0,75
(22 12)	309	0,15
23 12 Nb	(309Nb)	0,10	1,20	2,5	0,030	0,025	11,0- 14,0	8-1,1
-	309LNb	0,04	Of 1.00	0,5- 2,5	0,040	0,030	12,0- 14,0	0,7−1,0
(23 12 Nb)	309Nb	0,12
-	309Mo	2,00- Of 3.00	-
23 12 2 L	(309LMo)	0,04	1,20	2,5	0,030	0,025	11,0- 14,0
(23 12 2 L)	309LMo	Of 1.00	0,5- 2,5	0,040	0,030	12,0- 14,0
29 9	(312)	0,15	1,20	2,5	0,035	0,025	27,0- 31,0	8,0- 12,0	0,75
(29 9)	312	Of 1.00	0,5- 2,5	0,040	0,030	28,0- 32,0	8,0- 10,5
16 8 2	(16−8-2)	0,08	0,60	2,5	0,030	0,025	14,5- 16,5	7,5- 9,5	1,50- 2,50
(16 8 2)	16−8-2	0,10	0,5- 2,5	0,030	1,00- Of 2.00
25 4	-	0,15	1,20	2,5	0,025	24,0- 27,0	A 4.0 6,0	0,75
-	209	0,06	Of 1.00	A 4.0 7,0	0,04	0,030	20,5- 24,0	A 9.5 12,0	1,50- Of 3.00	-	0,10- 0,30
-	219	8,0- 10,0	19,0- 21,5	5,5- 7,0	0,75
-	240	The 10.5- 13,5	17,0- 19,0	A 4.0 6,0	-	-
22 12	(309)	0,15	1,20	2,5	0,030	0,025	20,0- 23,0	10,0- 13,0
25 20	(310)	0,06- 0,20	1,0- 5,0	23,0- 27,0	18,0- 22,0
(25 20)	310	0,08- 0,20	0,75	1,0- 2,5	0,030	25,0- 28,0	20,0- 22,5
25 20 H	(310H)	0,35- 0,45	1,20	2,5	0,025	23,0- 27,0	18,0- 22,0
(25 20 H)	310H	0,75	1,0- 2,5	0,030	25,0- 28,0	20,0- 22,5
-	310Nb	0,12	0,030	25,0- 28,0	20,0- 22,0	0,70- Of 1.00	-
-	310Мо	2,00- Of 3.00	-
18 36	(330)	0,25	1,20	2,5	0,025	14,0- 18,0	33,0- 37,0	0,75
(18 36)	330	0,18- 0,25	Of 1.00	1,0- 2,5	0,040	0,030	14,0- 17,0
-	330Н	0,35- 0,45
-	383	0,03	0,90	0,5- 2,5	0,02	0,02	26,5- 29,0	30,0- 33,0	3,20- 4,20	0,60- 1,50
(20 25 5 Cu N L)	385	0,03	0,90	1,00- 2,50	0,03	0,02	19,50- 21,50	24,0- 26,0	4,20- 5,20	1,20- Of 2.00
-	630	0,05	0,75	0,25- 0,75	0,04	0,03	16,00- 16,75	4,5- 5,0	0,75	3,25- Of 4.00	0,15- 0,30	-
21 10 N	-	0,06- 0,09	1,00- Of 2.00	0,30- Of 1.00	0,02	0,01	20,50- 22,50	A 9.5 11,0	0,50	0,30	-	0,10- 0,20
If the table shows a single value, it means its maximum value. Covered electrodes chemical composition which is not in the table and that the user wishes to classify by this method, can be described similarly, with the addition of in front of the letter «Z». The total content of phosphorus and sulfur (P and S) must not exceed 0,050 except for 25 7 2 N L; 18 16 5 N L; 20 16 3 Mn N L; 18 8 Mn; 18 9 Mn Mo and 29 9. The designation in parentheses [e.g., (308L) or (19 9 L)] indicates an approximate but incomplete according the other method designations. The correct description for the given range of chemical composition is the designation without parentheses. Covered electrode can be assigned both designations independently, and if there are tighter restrictions on the chemical composition are those which meet both sets of requirements for designation. Analysis should be performed on the content items for which the table specified value. If the analysis had discovered other elements, it is necessary to repeat the analysis to determine that exceeds the total content of such elements is 0.50% (except iron). The content of vanadium should be in the range of 0.10% and 0.30%; titanium — no more than 0.15%; tungsten in the range of 1.25% to 1.75%. The tungsten content should not exceed 1.0%. The content of vanadium should be in the range 0,10% — 0,30%. The content of cerium is 0.05%.

Classification symbol according to the ISO 3581-A consists of two parts:

a) compulsory part

This part includes symbols indicating the type of the electrode, the chemical composition and the type of electrode coating (see 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 A);

b) an additional part

This part includes symbols indicating efficient transfer of the metal electrode, current type, welding positions for the electrode (see 4.4 A and table 5A).

The full designation should be indicated on the packaging and in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

3V Classification system of doping

The classification includes the properties of the weld metal obtained with a covered electrode as given below. It is based on the use of electrode with a diameter of 4.0 mm.

Classification designation consists of four characters:

1) first symbol-covered electrode (see 4.1);

2) the second symbol of the chemical composition of the weld metal (see table 2);

3) the third symbol welding positions (see table 5B);

4) the fourth symbol of the type of electrode coating and current type applied to the electrode (see 4.3 B).

The classification of electrodes ISO 3581-In all four characters: coated electrode, alloying system, weld position and type of electrode coating (see 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and table 5B) are mandatory.

The full designation should be indicated on the packaging and in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

Note — the composition of the electrode rod, which may differ significantly from the composition of the weld metal, is not a criterion for classification.

4 Symbols and requirements

The examples refer to both classifications listed in Appendix A.

4.1 the symbol of the covered electrode

4.1 A Classification according to nominal composition

Symbol covered electrode for manual arc welding of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels in accordance with ISO 3581-A is the letter «E».

4.1 Classification system of doping

Symbol covered electrode for manual arc welding of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels in accordance with ISO 3581-b are the letters «ES». «E» indicates a coated electrode, «S» for corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel.

4.2 symbol for the chemical composition of the weld metal

The symbols of the chemical composition of the weld metal determined in accordance with section 5, are shown in table 2. The weld metal obtained from the use of covered electrodes specified in table 2 in accordance with section 6, shall also conform to the requirements for mechanical properties specified in table 3.


Table 3 — Requirements for mechanical properties

The symbol for the nominal composition of (GOST R ISO 3581-A)	The symbol on the system of doping (GOST R ISO 3581-B)	Minimum yield strength , MPa	The minimum limit of the tensile strength , MPa	Minimum elongation, %	Heat treatment after welding
-	409Nb	-	450	13
13	(410)	250	15
(13)	410	-
13 4	(410NiMo)	500	750
(13 4)	410NiMo	-	760	10
17	(430)	300	450	15
(17)	430	-
-	430Nb	-	13
19 9	(308)	350	550	30	-
(19 9)	308	-
19 9 H	(308H)	350
(19 9 H)	308H	-
19 9 L	(308L)	320	510
(19 9 L)	308L	-
-	308Мо	-	550
-	308LMo	-	520
-	349	-	690	23
19 9 Nb	(347)	350	550	25
(19 9 Nb)	347	-	520
-	347L	-	510
19 12 2	(316)	350	550
(19 12 2)	316	-	520
-	316H	-
19 12 3 L	(316L)	320	510
(19 12 3 L)	316L	-	490
-	316LCu	-	510
-	317	-	550	20
-	317L	-	510
19 12 3 Nb	(318)	350	550	25
(19 12 3 Nb)	318	-	20
19 13 4 N L	-	350	25
-	320	-	28
-	320LR	-	520
22 9 3 N L	(2209)	450	550	20
(29 9 3 N L)	2209	-	690	15	-
25 7 2 N L	-	500	700	-
25 9 3 Cu N L	-	620	18	-
25 9 4 N L	-	-
-	2553	-	760	13	-
-	2593	-	-
18 15 3 L	-	300	480	25	-
18 16 5 N L	-	-
20 25 5 Cu N L	-	320	510	-
20 16 3 Mn N L	-	-
25 22 2 N L	-	-
27 31 4 Cu L	-	240	500	-
18 8 Mn	-	350	-
18 9 Mn Mo	(307)	-
(18 9 Mn Mo)	307	-	590	-
20 10 3	-	400	620	20	-
-	309	-	550	25	-
23 12 L	(309L)	320	510	-
(23 12 L)	309L	-	-
23 12 Nb	(309Nb)	350	550	-
(23 12 Nb)	309Nb	-	-
-	309Мо	-	-
23 12 2 L	(309LMo)	350	-
(23 12 2 L)	309LMo	-	510	-
-	309LNb	-	-
29 9	(312)	450	650	15	-
(29 9)	312	-	660	-
16 8 2	(16−8-2)	320	510	25	-
(16 8 2)	16−8-2	-	520	-
25 4	-	400	600	15	-
-	209	-	690	-
-	219	-	620	-
-	240	-	690	25	-
22 12	-	350	550	-
25 20	(310)	20	-
(25 20)	310	-	25	-
25 20 H	(310H)	350	550	10	-
(25 20 H)	310H	-	620	8	-
-	310Nb	-	550	23	-
-	310Мо	-	28	-
18 36	(330)	350	510	10	-
(18 36)	330	-	520	23	-
-	330Н	-	620	8	-
-	383	-	520	28	-
-	385	-	-
-	630	-	930	6
23 7 NL	-	450	570	20	-
21 10 N	-	350	550	30	-
Note — the Strength and elongation of the weld metal may be lower than that of the base metal.
The initial sample length equal to five diameters of the test sample. Temperature 760 °C — 790 °C for 2 h. Cooling in furnace to a temperature of 595 °C at a speed not exceeding 55 °C/h, then in the open air to room temperature. The temperature of 840 °C — 870 °C for 2 h. Cooling in furnace to a temperature of 600 °C and then in air. Temperature 730 °C — 760 °C for 1 h. furnace Cooling to a temperature of 315 °C at the rate not exceeding 110 °C/h, and then in the open air to room temperature. Temperature 580 °C — 620 °C for 2 hours and air Cooling. The temperature is 595 °C and 620 °C for 1 h. Cooling to room temperature. Temperature 760 °C — 790 °C for 2 h. Cooling in furnace to a temperature of 600 °C, then in air. These electrodes provide a high carbon content in the weld metal for high temperatures. The elongation of the sample at room temperature has a weak under such conditions. The temperature of 1025 °C and 1050 °C for 1 h. Cooled in air to ambient temperature, dispersion hardening at a temperature of 610 °C — 630 °C for 4 h, and then cooled to ambient temperature.

4.3 the Symbol of the type of electrode coating

A description of the types of covering is given in Annex A.

Type of coating of the electrode largely determines the conditions of application of the electrode and the properties of the weld metal.

4.3 And the Classification according to nominal composition

To indicate the type of coating used two symbols:

In the main surface;

R — rutile coating.

4.3 Classification according to the system of doping

To identify the type of electrode coating using three symbols:

5 — basic coating for welding at constant current;

6 — rutile coating for welding on DC or AC currents (with the exception of the position of welding and type of coverage — 46 when using DC)

7 — modified coating on the basis of rutile, containing a significant amount of silicon dioxide, designed for welding on AC or DC currents (except for the position of welding and type of coverage — 47, when using DC).

4.4 the Symbol of the efficient transfer of the metal electrode and current type

4.4. A Classification according to nominal composition

The symbol of the efficient transfer of the metal electrode, defined according to ISO 2401, and type of current specified in table 4A.


Table 4A — the Symbol of the efficient transfer of the metal electrode and current type (classification according to nominal composition)

Symbol	Efficient transfer of electrode metal, %	Type of current
1	Not more than 105	a.c.; d.c.
Two	d.c.
3	SV. 105 to 125 incl.	a.c.; d.c.
4	d.c.
5	SV. 125 to 160 a incl.	a.c.; d.c.
6	d.c.
7	SV. 160	a.c.; d.c.
8	d.c.
To demonstrate the ability to weld with alternating current, the test should be performed at a voltage of not more than 65 (and.with. — alternating current; d.c. — DC).

4.4 Classification according to the system of doping

In this classification, the symbol of the efficient transfer of the metal electrode is not specified. The current nature included in the symbol type of coverage in accordance with 4.3 V.

4.5 Symbol welding positions

Symbols welding positions in which the electrode is tested in accordance with ISO 15792−3 are shown in table 5A or 5B.


Table 5A — the symbol of the welding position (classification according to nominal composition)

Symbol	The welding position
1	RA, PB, PD, PF, PG
2	PA, PB, PD, PF
3	RA, RV
4	RA
5	RA, PB, PG
The welding position is defined in ISO 6947: RA — down position; RV — horizontal (fillet weld); PD — ceiling; PF — vertical welding from the bottom up; PG — vertical welding from the top down.

Table 5V Symbol welding positions (classification according to the system of doping)

Symbol	The welding position
-1	PA, PB, PD, PF
-2	RA, RV
-4	PA, PB, PD, PF, PG
The welding position is defined in ISO 6947: RA — down position; RV — horizontal (fillet weld); PD — ceiling; PF — vertical welding from the bottom up; PG — vertical welding from the top down.

5 Chemical analysis

Chemical analysis of the weld metal can be carried out at any suitable sample. In disputed cases, you should use the samples made in accordance with ISO 6847. The results of chemical analysis must meet the requirements of table 2.

Can be used by any analytical method, but in cases of dispute, use of generally accepted published methods.

6 Mechanical testing

6.1 General

Tensile tests and other tests required to be performed in the state after welding or post-welding heat treatment in accordance with table 3. The sample is made of the weld metal of type 1.3 in accordance with ISO 15792−1. Welding conditions are given in 6.2 and 6.3 of this standard.

6.2 preheat Temperature and the temperature between passes

The preheat temperature and the temperature between passes must be taken in accordance with the type of the weld metal, as shown in tables 6A and 6B, respectively.


Table 6A — preheat Temperature and the temperature between passes (classification according to nominal composition)

The symbol on the system of doping	The weld metal	The preheat temperature and the temperature between passes, °C
13 17	Martensitic and ferritic chromium steel	200−300
13 4	Soft martensitic corrosion-resistant steel	100−180
All the rest	Austenitic and duplex ferritic-austenitic corrosion-resistant steel	150 max.

Table 6B — preheat Temperature and the temperature between passes (classification according to the system of doping)

The symbol on the system of doping	The weld metal	The preheat temperature and the temperature between passes, °C
410	Martensitic and ferritic chromium corrosion-resistant steel	200−300
409 Nb 430 430 Nb	150−260
410NiMo 630	Soft martensitic corrosion-resistant steel	100−260
All the rest	Austenitic and duplex ferritic-austenitic corrosion-resistant steel	150 max.

The metal temperature between passes must be measured with the use of termokeramika, contact thermometers or thermocouples at the center of welded element at a distance of 25 mm from the edge of the edge (see ISO 13916).

The metal temperature between passes should not exceed the temperature specified in tables 6A and 6B. If, after any pass, the temperature between passes is exceeded, then the test sample should be cooled in air to a temperature below the specified upper limit.

6.3 the sequence of the passages

For electrode diameter 4 mm and sample type 1.3 ISO 15792−1 each layer should be performed in two passes. The number of layers should be from seven to nine.

The direction of welding when performing the pass must not change. Each pass should be performed at a current ranging from 70% to 90% maximum recommended by the manufacturer. Regardless of the type of coating welding should be carried out on alternating current, if the recommended AC and DC current, and direct current reverse polarity, if the recommended constant current.

7 Test of a fillet weld

Sample for test fillet welds must comply with ISO 15792−3.

7A Classification according to nominal composition

Test requirements the welded fillet weld is specified in table 7A. The plate thickness should be from 10 to 12 mm, the width should be 55 mm, the length shall be 250 mm.


Table 7A — test Requirements fillet welds (classification according to nominal composition)

Symbol welding positions according to GOST R ISO 3581-A	Symbol type coating according to GOST R ISO 3581-A	The welding position	Electrode diameter, mm	The theoretical thickness of the fillet weld, mm	The maximum difference of the other two sides, mm	Maxi maximum bulge of a seam, mm
1 or 2	R or	RV	6,0	5,0 min.	2,0	3,0
1 or 2	R	PF	4,0	4,5 max.	Not reglamen- was governed	2,0
In	5,5 max.
1 or 2	R	PD	4,0	4,5 max.	1,5	2,5
In	5,5 max.	2,0	3,0
3	R or	RV	6,0	5,0 min.	2,0	3,0
4	R or	Not reglamen- was governed	Not reglamen- was governed	Not reglamen- was governed	Not reglamen- was governed	Not reglamen- was governed
5	R	RV	6,0	4,5 min.	1,5	2,5
In	5,0
5	R	PD	4,0	4,5 min.	1,5	2,5
In	5,5 min.	2,0	3,0
5	R or	PG	5,0	5,0 min.	Not reglamen- was governed	1,5
The maximum concavity.

7B Classification system of doping

Plate thickness corner welded seam and the desired results to the tests specified in table 7B. The length of the plates shall be 250 mm, the width should be 50 mm.


Table 7B — plate Thickness weld with fillet and required test results (classification according to the system of doping)

Symbol welding positions and type of coverage GOST R ISO 3581-	Electrode diameter, mm	Type of current	The nominal plate thickness, mm	The welding position	Leg of a fillet weld (maximum) mm	Maxi maximum difference of the other two sides, mm	Maxi maximum bulge of a seam, mm
-15	4,0	d.c. (+)	6; 8; 10	PF	8,0	Not reglamen- based	2,0
PB and PD	6,0	1,5	1,5
4,8; 5,0	10	RV	8,0	2,0
5,6; 6,0; 6,4	10,0	2,0
-16	4,0	a.c.	6; 8; 10	PF	8,0	Not reglamen- based	2,0
PB and PD	6,0	1,5	1,5
4,8; 5,0	10	RV	8,0	2,0
5,6; 6,0; 6,4	10,0	2,0
-17	4,0	a.c.	6; 8; 10	PF	12,0	Not reglamen- based	2,0
PB and PD	8,0	1,5	1,5
4,8; 5,0	Ten	RV	2,0
5,6; 6,0; 6,4	10,0	2,0	2,0
-25	4,0	d.c. (+)	10; 12	RV	8,0	1,5	1,5
4,8; 5,0	2,0
5,6; 6,0; 6,4	10,0	2,0	2,0
-26; -27	4,0	a.c.	10; 12	RV	8,0	1,5	1,5
4,8; 5,0	2,0
5,6; 6,0; 6,4	10,0	2,0	2,0
-45, -46 -47	2,4; 2,5	d.c. (+)	6; 8; 10	PG	5,0	Not reglamen- based	2,0
3,0; 3,2	6,0	3,0
4,0	8,0	4,0
4,8; 5,0	10,0	5,0
The maximum concavity.

8 Requirements for rounding values

In determining compliance with the requirements of this standard for the real value obtained when testing shall be rounded in accordance with the rules set out in ISO 80000−1-2009 (regulation And application).

If the measured values obtained on equipment that is calibrated in units different from the units of this standard, the measured values prior to rounding, should be transferred in units of this standard. If the arithmetic mean value should be compared with the requirements of this standard, the rounding must only be done after the calculation of this arithmetic mean value.

If given in the section «Normative references» standard for test methods contains instructions for rounding that are contrary to the instructions of this standard, we must be satisfied to rounding in accordance with standard test methods. The rounding results shall meet the requirements of the appropriate table for the classification under test.

9 Re-test

If the test did not confirm compliance with the requirements, it should be repeated twice. The results of both retests must meet the requirements. Samples for re-tests can be taken from the initial connection, or from the new weld. For chemical analysis, retest need only for those individual items that do not meet the requirements of the tests. If one or both re-tests meet the requirements of this standard, the test material should be considered as not satisfying the requirements of this classification.

In case if during preparation or after completion of any test it is well established that the prescribed or appropriate methodology violated in the preparation of the weld or sample (s) tested or when tested, such a test should be considered invalid regardless of what this test is actually performed, and its results meet or do not meet the requirements of this standard. This test should be repeated in compliance with the prescribed methods. In this case, does not require doubling the number of samples for testing.

10 Technical delivery conditions for

Technical conditions for supply should meet the requirements of standards ISO 544 and ISO 14344.

11 Examples of designations

Marking of covered electrodes should follow the principles given in 11.1 A and 11.1 V.

11.1 A Classification according to nominal composition

Example 1A — weld Metal, weld stick electrode for manual arc welding (E), has a chemical composition 19% Cr, 12% Ni and 2% Mo (19 12 2) in accordance with table 2. The coating of the electrode — rutile ®. The electrode can be used on AC or DC currents with an effective transfer of the metal electrode 120% (3) when welding butt and fillet welds in the down position (4).

The designation of this electrode:

GOST R ISO 3581-A E 19 12 2 R 3 4.

Mandatory part:

GOST R ISO 3581-A E 19 12 2 R

where is the GOST R ISO 3581 — designation of this standard, the letter «a» indicates the classification according to nominal composition;

E covered electrode for manual arc welding (see 4.1 A);

19 12 2 — chemical composition of weld metal (see table 2);

R — type electrode coating (see section 4.3 A);

3 — welding on AC or DC currents and the effective transfer of the metal electrode 120% (see table 4A);

4 — when you run welding of butt and fillet welds in the down position (see table 5A).

11.1 In the Classification system of doping

Example 1B — weld Metal, weld stick electrode for manual arc welding (E) corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels (S), has a chemical composition 19% Cr, 12% Ni and 2% Mo (316) in accordance with table 2. The coating of the electrode — rutile (6). The electrode can be used on AC or DC current for welding of butt and fillet welds in the down position (2).

The designation of this electrode:

GOST R ISO 3581-B — ES316−26,

where is the GOST R ISO 3581 — a designation of the standard, the letter «b» indicates classification by the system of doping;

ES — covered electrode for manual arc welding of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels (see 4.1 B);

316 — chemical composition of weld metal (see table 2);

2 — welding positions (see table 5B);

6 — type electrode coating (see 4.3).

Annex a (informative). Types of coverage

Appendix A
(reference)

Coated electrode for manual arc welding can be very different in different classifications. Both the classification method given in this standard, use symbols to denote the main components of the coating.

The following is a brief description of each coverage shows the main characteristics.

A. 1A Classification according to nominal composition

In this method, taken two characters to designate the type of electrode coating.

A. 1.1 A base coat, a symbol In

The symbol indicates a coating with a high content of minerals and materials such as marble (calcium carbonate), dolomite (calcium carbonate and magnesium) and fluorspar (calcium fluoride). The electrodes typically suitable for welding with direct current reverse polarity.

A. 1.2 A Rutile coating, the symbol R

The symbol R indicates a coating with a high content of the mineral rutile, the main component of which is titanium dioxide. In the coating composition also includes other easily ionizable substances and minerals. Electrodes with this type of coating can be used on AC and DC currents.

A. 1B Classification system of doping

In this method, adopted three symbols to designate the type of electrode coating.

A. 1.1 In the base coat, the symbol 5

Symbol 5 indicates a coating with a high content of minerals and materials such as marble (calcium carbonate), dolomite (calcium carbonate and magnesium) and fluorspar (calcium fluoride).

Electrodes with this type of coating can be used to run only on DC reverse polarity.

A. 1.2 In Rutile coverage, symbol 6

Symbol 6 indicates a coating with a high content of the mineral rutile, the main component of which is dioxide (dioxide) titanium. In the coating composition also includes other easily ionizable substances and minerals. Electrodes with this type of coating can be used both AC and DC currents.

A. 1.3 In the Acidic coating, the symbol 7

The symbol 7 indicates a modified rutile coating, in which the titanium dioxide is replaced by silica. This coating is characterized by high fluidity of the slag and ease of implementation of passes of stitches. For arc welding typical inkjet transfer, it is more difficult to weld thin metal in the upright position.

Note — In accordance with method A (classification according to nominal composition) does not distinguish between the rutile and the acidic types of coverage, unlike the method In (classification according to the system of doping).

Annex b (informative). The content of ferrite in the weld metal

The App
(reference)

V. 1 General information

The present application is based on the paper [3].

The ferrite content in the weld metal of corrosion-resistant steel is important in the production and operation of welded structures. In order to avoid problems a certain content of ferrite often reglamentary. Traditionally, the content of ferrite was indicated in percentage, but currently, according to ISO 8249, used Ferrite Number (next — FN).

V. 2 the influence of the ferrite

The most important and beneficial effect of ferrite in welds of nominally austenitic corrosion-resistant steel is a well-known relationship between the lower the propensity to hot cracking and the presence of the ferrite. Among other factors, the minimum ferrite content necessary to ensure the absence of hot cracks depends on the chemical composition of the weld metal. The maximum content of ferrite is determined by its possible effects on mechanical and corrosion properties. The required content of the ferrite can be set by selecting the content ratio territooriumil elements (such as chromium) to the content austentatious (such as Nickel) to the extent permitted by the relevant technical requirements.

V. 3 the relationship between the composition and structure

The content of ferrite, as will be noted below, is usually determined with the help of magnetometric equipment and is expressed in Ferrite Number. The ferrite content can also be defined using the structural diagrams. As the most accurate, it is recommended to use the structure chart of the Council for research in the field of welding (WRC) [4]. The chemical composition of the alloy is associated with a structure by grouping territooriumil elements in the so-called «equivalent chromium» and austentatious elements in «equivalent Nickel». Diagram WRC-1992 allows to predict the structure with an accuracy of ±4 FN with the calculated ferrite content up to 18 FN. The chart can be used for the values of Ferrite Numbers up to 100 (that is, it can be used for duplex steels).

V. 4 the Formation of ferrite

It is considered that the formation of hot cracks depends on the nature of crystallization. The final ferrite content and morphology depend on the reactions in the process of crystallization and, further, in the solid phase. The tendency to hot cracking depending on the nature of crystallization decreases in the following order: single-phase austenitic, austenitic primary, mixed type and single-phase ferrite, primary ferrite. Although Ferrite Number and nature of crystallization depend mainly on the chemical composition, their relationship is not always straightforward. However, there is a system of standardization, which enables more practical to regulate and measure the ferrite content based on it.

V. 5 Effect of welding conditions

The ferrite content in the weld metal is determined not only by the choice of filler metal. In addition to the impact of participation share of the base metal, the ferrite content in the weld metal can significantly depend on the welding mode. Several factors can change the chemical composition of the weld metal. The most important of these is nitrogen, which can get into the weld metal through the welding arc. High voltage arcing can cause a significant decrease in Ferrite Numbers. Other factors are the reduction of chromium due to oxidizing substances in the coating or increase in carbon due to the dissociation FROM. Extremely high heat input can also have an impact, especially on duplex steel. If there is a significant difference of the ferrite content in the deposited metal in comparison with certificate of the manufacturer, it is very likely that the reason for this difference is one or more of the above factors.

V. 6 the Effect of heat treatment

Corrosion-resistant steel as base metal, are usually supplied after homogenization and quenching. The majority of welded joints, on the contrary, put into operation in a state after welding. However, in some cases may or should be performed after welding heat treatment. It can cause some reduction magnitoopticheskie defined by FN and even its reduction to zero. The effect of heat treatment on mechanical and corrosion properties could be significant but is not considered here.

B. 7 Determination of the ferrite content

V. 7.1 the ferrite Content must be agreed upon by the parties concerned as a welded structure of corrosion-resistant steel. These parties may be: the manufacturer of the filler metal, the manufacturer of a welded structure, the regulator and the insurance company. It is therefore necessary that the method for determining the ferrite content was reproducible.

Previously for the determination of the ferrite content in the weld metal of corrosion-resistant steel is widely used metallography. Depending on the reagent for etching was exposed to either the ferrite or austenite, featuring the ferrite in the austenitic matrix. Ferritic phase is very small, nonuniform shaped and unevenly distributed in the matrix. The reliability and reproducibility of this method was low. Moreover, metallographic tests require destruction of the sample, which is not always feasible for quality control in manufacturing.

V. 7.2 Ferrite, as ferromagnetic, easily distinguishable from the austenite. Magnetic properties of austenitic weld metal is proportional to the content of the ferrite. Magnetic properties are also affected by the composition of ferrite (more dopants in the ferrite, the weaker magnetic properties compared to ferrite, having less content of these impurities). Therefore, this property can be used to determine ferrite content, if it is possible to use a certified method of calibration of magnetic measuring instruments.

It is desirable to perform a calibration so that the results can be directly converted to «percent ferrite». However, due to the above effects of the composition of the ferrite and, as it turned out, the impossibility to achieve unanimity on the actual «percent ferrite» was introduced arbitrary FN scale. Initially, the FN was considered to be an accurate indicator of the «percent ferrite» in the weld metal of type 308 9 or 19, but later research showed that FN significantly overstates the FN in the weld metal. From the practical point of view it doesn’t matter. Much more important is the possibility of different measuring services to reproduce the same results with a small variation in the ferrite content in the welded sample, and the measurement system allows the FN to do it.

V. 7.3 Calibration of specific laboratory equipment, based on the measurement system FN is performed using the primary standard samples, which constitute the basis of carbon steel coated with non-magnetic coating of standard thickness. Such standard samples are available from the National Institute of standards and technology (NIST). Each such sample is assigned to FN in accordance with table 1 of ISO 8249 [1]. In addition, the FN system equipment, calibrated on primary standard samples can be used to assign the FN samples metal joints, which, in turn, can be used as a secondary standard samples for calibration of other measuring devices, more convenient in production or field conditions.

V. 7.4 in multiple tests in different laboratories, using primary or secondary calibration it was found that by the definition of FN on the specified samples of the weld metal the reproducibility is less than ±1 FN — range from 0 to 28 FN FN prescribed in ISO 8249. It is much more reproducible than those obtained metallographic methods. Were developed the principles for system expansion of FN bands intended for duplex steels, and this information was published in ISO 8249.

Secondary standard samples is now also available in the NIST*. Earlier secondary standard samples were available in the TWI**.

_________________

* National Institute of standards and technology, Gaithersburg, USA (MD, 20899, USA).
** The welding Institute, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (CB1 6AL, U. K).

V. 8 the Implementation of measuring ferrite numbers

When regulation and determining the content of ferrite is important to operate with a really achievable for welded sample numbers. Impossible to specify and attempt to measure a zero FN in nominally fully austenitic weld metal. The maximum value of FN 0.5 FN, is real and achievable. Impossible to regulate and try to measure FN in the range close to the value of the repeatability (uncertainty) of the welding process and dimensions. Thus, the regulation range from 5 to 10 FN or FN 40 to 70 is realistic and achievable. However, ranges from 5 to 6 FN, and 45 to 55 FN is not realistic. Also impossible to regulate and to expect that measuring Ferrite Numbers on curved surfaces, surfaces close to edges and strong magnetic materials or on rough surfaces (containing «scales» joint) match with dimensions on the smooth machined surface of the bead in its center.

Application YES (compulsory). Information about the compliance of the referenced international standards reference the national standards of the Russian Federation (and acting in this capacity inter-state standards)

App YES
(required)

Table YES.1

Marking the reference international standard	The degree of corre- tion	Designation and name of the relevant national standard
ISO 544	MOD	GOST R 53689−2009 (ISO 544:2003) «Materials and welding. Technical delivery conditions for filler materials. Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and marking"
ISO 2401	-	*
ISO 6847	-	*
ISO 6947	-	*
ISO 8249	MOD	GOST R 53686−2009 (ISO 8249:2000) «welding. The definition of the content of ferritic phase in the weld metal of austenitic and two-phase austenitic chromium-Nickel corrosion-resistant steel"
ISO 13916	-	*
ISO 14344	-	*
ISO 15792−1:2000	IDT	GOST R ISO 15792−1-2009 «Materials and welding. Test methods. Part 1. Test methods samples of weld metal from steel, Nickel and Nickel alloys"
ISO 15792−3:2000	-	*
ISO 80000−1	-	*
* The corresponding national standard is missing. Prior to its adoption, it is recommended to use the translation into Russian language of this international standard. The translation of this international standard is the Federal information Fund of technical regulations and standards. Note — In this table the following symbols have been used the degree of conformity of standards: — IDT — identical standards; — MOD — modified standard.