GOST 19200-80

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ГОСТ 19200-80

GOST 19200−80 Casting of iron and steel. Terms and definitions of defects

GOST 19200−80

Group B00

STATE STANDARD СОЮ3А SSR

CASTING OF IRON AND STEEL

Terms and definitions of defects

Iron and steel castings.
Terms and definitions of defects

Date of introduction 1981−07−01

Promulgated by the decree of the USSR State Committee for standards 27 June 1980 N 3143

REPLACE GOST 19200−73

REPRINTING. January 1992

This standard sets used in science, engineering and manufacturing of terms and definitions the basic concepts of defects of castings of iron and steel.

Standard in line with the recommendations of the CMEA standardization PC 46−63.

Terms set the standard mandatory for use in all types of documentation, scientific, technical, educational and reference literature.

For each concept has a single standardized term. The use of terms-synonyms of the normalized term is prohibited. Unacceptable for use synonymous terms are given for reference and marked «NDP».

Installed definitions can, if necessary, change the form of presentation, preventing trespass of concepts.

In the standard as reference given foreign equivalent standardized terms in German (D) English (E) and French (F) languages.

The standard lists the indexes contained in this term in the Russian language and their foreign equivalents.

Standardized terms are shown in bold and invalid synonyms in italics.


The term		Definition
THE MISMATCH IN GEOMETRY
1.	Underfilling NDP. Stack D. Guss E. Short run, misrun F. Manque	The defect in the form of incomplete casting due to education, not fillings the mold cavity with metal by pouring
2.	Nikitina NDP. Nesby D. Kaltschweisse E. Cold lap F. Reprise	The defect of arbitrary shape holes or through cracks in the wall of the casting, formed as a result of naselenia the metal flows reduced fluidity when casting
3.	Crimped NDP. Issuing forms Giving form D. Stauchen, Stauchgrat an Teilungen E. Incorrect shape F. Corroyage	The defect in the broken configuration of the casting, resulting from the deformation of the shape due to mechanical stress prior to or during pouring
4.	Poutot NDP. The blow-up The spacers D. Verstampfung E. Ram-off F. Fausse variation	The defect in the form of local thickening of the casting as a result of enlargement are unevenly or insufficiently compacted sand mold, pour metal
5.	Bias NDP. Shift D. Gussversatz, Versetzung E. Mismatch, cross-joint F. Variation	The defect in the form of displacement of one part of the casting relative to the axes or surfaces other part of the connector shape, pattern or a molding due to their inaccurate setup and hold during molding and Assembly
6.	Rod misalignment NDP. Rod shift D. Versetzung, Versetzung Kern E. Mismatch in core F. Dejettement de noyau	The defect in the form of offset holes, cavities or casting parts, performed by means of a rod, owing to its bias
7.	Raznoshennoy NDP. The displacement of the rod	The defect in the form of increasing or decreasing the wall thickness of the casting due to the displacement, deformation or floating rod
8.	Rod Bay NDP. Naprestolny rod	A defect in a solid metal hole or cavity in a casting due to neprestannoe in the mold of a rod or its collapse
9.	Warping NDP. Deflection D. Verformung, Verzug E. Distortion, warping F.	The defect of distortion of the configuration of the casting under the influence of stresses generated during cooling, and as a result the wrong model
10.	Rizaliv NDP. Blurred contour D. Unformgrat, Fehler beim Putzen E. Short run, misrun F. Moulage	A defect in a mismatch of the configuration of the casting drawing due to wear model, or a lack of finishing form
11.	Desperately NDP. Foreign D. Erstechung E. Mechanical damage F.	The defect of distortion of the contour of the casting at the parting of the sprues, stump and sweep
12.	Wylam NDP. Pothole Skol D. Mechanische E. Mechanical damage, injury F. Faute d'	The defect in the form of violations of the configuration and size of the casting during the de-coring, stump, padding sprues and returns, cleaning and transportation
13.	Metal breakthrough NDP. Breakthrough forms D. Metalldurchbruch, Metalldurchschmelzen E. Metal run out F. Fuite du	Defect and incomplete education or irregularly shaped casting that occurs when casting due to insufficient strength of the form
14.	Care metal NDP. The rise forms Stack D. des Metalls E. Metal leakage F. Perte du	The defect of voids in the body of the casting is limited to a thin crust of solidified metal is formed due to the leakage of metal out of shape with weak its mount
	SURFACE DEFECTS
15.	The penetration NDP. Plating D. Angebrannter Sand E. Burn on F. Grippure	The defect in the form of a detachable hard specific layer on the surface of the casting, formed as a result of physical and chemical interaction of the mold material with the metal and its oxides
16.	Spay NDP. Nesby D. Kaltschweisse E. Cold lap, cold shut F. Reprise	The defect in the form of recesses with rounded edges on the casting surface formed by the partially fused metal flows with insufficient temperature or interrupted when casting
17.	Uimina NDP. Rotina D. Festsitzende E. Expansion scab F. Gale franche	A defect in the form of a recess with sloping edges of the filled molding material covered with a metal layer, formed as a result of delamination of the molding compound during the filling
18.	Growth NDP. Erosion Undermining D. Auswuchs, Treibstelle E. Knob, scab F. Bosse	A defect in the form of protrusion of arbitrary shape, formed from contaminated molding materials of metal due to the local destruction of the mold
19.	Bay NDP. The fin Grat D. Grat, Gussgrat E. Flash, cross-joint F. Barbe, bavure de joint	A defect in the form of a metal tide, or protrusion resulting from the penetration of liquid metal into the gaps on the connectors form of rods or rod signs
20.	The clog NDP. Alluvium D. Verunreinigung, Verschmutzung E. Surface contamination F. Remblayage, obstruction	The defect in the form of the mold material embedded in the surface layers of the castings, captured by the flows of liquid metal
21.	Captivity NDP. The runup Inversion D. Oxydflecken E. Oxide spots F. Repliure, d oxyde	A defect in the form of a separate metal or oxide layer on the casting surface, resulting in insufficient quiet casting
22.	Notch NDP. Burr Scars D. Stechen E. Veining, mapping F. Bavure	A defect in the form of a small veins on the surface of the casting caused by the flowing of the metal into cracks on the surface of the mold or core
23.	Oxidation NDP. Burnout Shirt D. Zunderschicht E. Oxidation F. Oxidation,	A defect in the oxidized layer of metal from the surface of the castings obtained after annealing of castings from white cast iron malleable cast iron
24.	Surface damage NDP. Nick D. der E. Surface damage F. Trace de frappe, deterioration	The defect in the form of surface distortions that occurred during the de-coring of castings from the mold, cleaning and transportation
25.	Folding NDP. The influx Inversion D. Faltenbildung, Runzein E. Foldness, waviness F. Plissement	A defect in the form of a slight smooth elevations and depressions on the casting surface, resulting from a reduced fluidity of the metal
26.	Rough surface NDP. The roughness of the surface D. Rauhigkait der E. Rough surface F. de la surface	The defect in the form of surface roughness with parameters that exceed permissible values
27.	Gas roughness NDP. Bubble D. Gasrauhigkeit E. Gas roughness F. gaseux	The defect in the form of spherical grooves on the casting surface, arising from the growth of gas cavities on the surface of the partition metal-form
	DEFECT IN THE BODY CASTING
28.	Hot crack NDP. Shrinkage crack D. Warmbruch, Warmriss E. Shrinkage crack, hot tear F. Cassure chaud	A defect in the form of a tear or strain of the body castings of shrinkage origin, occurred in the temperature range of solidification. Note. Hot the crack is located on the borders of the crystals, has a rough oxidized surface, which are sometimes visible dendrites
29.	Cold crack NDP. Battle D. Kaltbruch, Kaltriss E. Cold crack F. Cassure froid	A defect in the form of a gap between the body of the hardened castings due to internal stress or mechanical impact. Note. Cold crack usually has a bright or clean with flowers or grainy surface
30.	Intergranular crack D. Mikroriss, Korngrenzenriss E. Intercrystalline crack F. Fissure intercristallique	A defect in the form of a gap between the body of the casting during cooling of the casting in the form at the boundaries of primary grains of austenite in the temperature interval of collapse.
		Note. Intergranular fracture in the fracture of thermally treated sample (casting) has the appearance of smooth surfaces with mirror-like Shine on the gray background of the fibrous component in the fracture and formed under the influence of hydrogen dissolved in the steel
31.	Gas shell NDP. Bubble D. Blasen E. Blowholes F. Soufflure	A defect in the form of a cavity formed by the separated metal or embedded in metal gases
32.	The tube shell NDP. Sieve porosity D. Sieblunker, Siebblase F.	A defect in the form of elongated thin shells, oriented normal to the surface of the casting caused by a high content of hydrogen in the crystalline layer
33.	Shrinkage NDP. Pasadena D. Schwindungshohl raum E. Draw, contraction cavity F. Effet	A defect in the form of an open or closed cavity with rough sometimes oxidized surface, formed due to shrinkage during the solidification of the metal
34.	Sandy shell D. Sandeinschluss E. Sand holes, drop F. Inclusion de sable	A defect in the form of a cavity fully or partially filled with a molding material
35.	Slag sink NDP. Slag D. Schlackenblasen E. Slag blowholes, slag inclusion F. Soufflures de scorie	A defect in the form of a cavity fully or partially filled with slag
36.	Filled with slag NDP. Slag D. Schlacke E. Poured slag F. Laitier	The defect in the form of partial filling of the mold slag
37.	Graphite porosity NDP. Flow D. vvv E. Graphite porosity F. de graphite	The defect in the casting of gray cast iron in the form of concentrated or arachnids discharge of graphite, causing looseness of the metal in the testing of hydraulic or gas pressure
38.	Shrinkage porosity NDP. Flow D. E. Shrinkage porosity F. de withdrawal	The defect in the form of fine pores formed due to shrinkage of metal during solidification when there is insufficient power casting
39.	Gas porosity NDP. Sieve porosity Flow D. Gasporositat E. Gas porosity F. de gas	The defect in the form of fine pores formed in the casting as a result of the gases from the metal during its solidification
40.	Rihlat NDP. Subcortical porosity D. Mikrolunker E. Microporosity, shrinkage porosity, grain boundary cracks F. Microretassure	The defect in the form of clusters of small cavities. Note. Richlite is detected during machining or casting methods of flaw detection
41.	Lack of fusion of Jerabek (refrigerators) D. Trennung zwischen Kernstutzen () E. Unfused chaplets (cooles) F. Incuit de support de noyau (refroidisseur)	A defect in the number of discontinuities and joints of the casting metal with the surface of Jerabek (refrigerators) due to their contamination, inconsistencies of the masses, low temperature molten metal
42.	Skip NDP. Kip	The defect in the form of accumulations of shells and excrescence, formed by the vaporization in places waterlogged mold or the penetration of gases from cores in the mold cavity
43.	Uterina NDP. Straps Pasadena D. Aussenlunker, Einfallstelle E. Shrinkage depression F. Poquette retassure de surface	The defect in the form of recesses with rounded edges on the casting surface, formed due to shrinkage of metal during solidification
	INCLUSION
44.	Metallic inclusion D. Metallischer Fremden Ursprungs E. Exogenous metallic inclusion F. Inclusion d’origine	The defect in the form of metal contaminants, having a surface section with casting
45.	Non-metallic inclusion NDP. Black spots D. Nichtmetallischer E. Exogenous non-metallic inclusion F. Inclusion of non-	The defect in the form of non-metallic particles in the metal by mechanical means or formed by chemical interaction of components during melting and pouring of metal
46.	Wren NDP. Effusion	A defect in the form of a metal ball, frozen separately and nespravedlivost with the casting formed by the spray due to incorrect fill
	A MISMATCH IN STRUCTURE
47.	Chill NDP. Solid place D. Harte Stellen E. hard Chill spots F. Points durs	A defect in the form of a solid, difficult machining areas in different parts of the castings of grey cast iron, caused by the accumulation of structurally free of cement
48.	The half NDP. User Primary graphite D. Halbheit Meliertes Roheisen E. Mottleness F. Fonte	The defect in the form of manifestation of the structure of grey cast iron castings of white cast iron
49.	Liquation D. Seigerung, Entmischung E. Segregation F. Liquation,	The defect in the form of local concentrations of chemical elements or compounds in the body of the casting, resulting from selective crystallization during the solidification
50.	The floc NDP. White spots D. Flocken E. Flakes F. Flocon	A defect in a gap of the body casting under the influence of dissolved hydrogen in the steel and internal stresses passing fully or partially through the volume of primary grains of austenite. Note. The floc at the turn of the thermally treated sample (casting) has the appearance of smooth surfaces without metallic luster (matte color) on the gray background of fibrous component

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE


Battle	29
The inclusion of metal	44
The inclusion of non —	45
Skip	42
Pothole	12
Issuing forms	3
Wylam	12
Effusion	46
Grat	19
Graphite primary	48
Nick	24
Inversion	21, 25
Bay	19
The Bay rod	8
The runup	21
Desperately	11
Foreign	11
The clog	20
Burr	22
Kip	42
Warping	9
Wren	46
Liquation	49
Plating	15
Solid	47
Alluvium	20
The influx	25
Growth	18
Underfilling	1
Rizaliv	10
Lack of fusion of Eerbeek	41
Lack of fusion refrigerators	41
The roughness of the surface	26
Nikitina	2
Nespi	2, 16
Blurred contour	10
Crimped	3
The fin	19
Oxidation	23
Chill	47
Giving form	3
User	48
Bias	5
The warp core	6
Burnout	23
Captivity	21
The surface is rough	26
Damage to the surface	24
Undermining	18
Pasadena	33, 43
Poutot	4
The rise forms	14
The half	48
The porosity of the gas	39
The porosity of the graphite	37
Porosity subcortical	40
The porosity of the tube	39
Porosity shrinkage	38
The penetration	15
Deflection	9
Metal breakthrough	13
Breakthrough forms	13
Notch	22
Bubble	27
Bubble	31
Spot white	50
Black spots	45
The blow-up	4
Erosion	18
Raznoshennoy	7
Shell gas	31
Shell sand	34
Sink sieve	32
Shell slag	35
Shell shrinkage	33
The spacers	4
Rotina	17
Shirt	23
Scars	22
Rihlat	40
Shift	5
Shift rod	6
Folding	25
Skol	12
The displacement of the rod	7
Spay	16
Stack	1, 14
Rod naprestolny	8
Flow	37, 38, 39
Crack hot	28
The crack is intergranular	30
Crack shrinkage	28
Crack cold	29
Uimina	17
Uterina	43
Straps	43
Care metal	14
The floc	50
The roughness of the gas	27
Slag	35, 36
Slag-drenched	36

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE


Angebrannter Sand	15
Schlacke	36
Aussenlunker, Einfallstelle	43
Auswuchs, Treibslelle	18
der	24
Вlasen	31
Erstechung	11
Faltenbildung, Runzein	25
Festsitzende	17
Flocken	50
	39
Gasrauhigkeit	27
	37
Grat, Gussgrat	19
Gussversatz, Versetzung	5
Halbheit, Meliertes Roheisen	48
Harte Stellen	47
Kaltbruch, Kaltriss	29
Kaltschweisse	2, 16
Mechanische	12
Metalldurchbruch, Metalldurchschmelzen	13
Metallischer Fremden Ursprungs	44
Mikrolunker	40
Mikroriss, Korngrenzenriss	30
Nichtmetallischer	45
Oxydflecken	21
Rauhigkeit der	26
Sandeinschluss	34
Schlackenblasen	35
Schwindungshohl raum	33
	38
Seigerung, Entmischung	49
Sieblunker, Siebblase	32
Stauchen, Stauchgrat an Teilungen	3
Stechen	22
Trennung zwischen ()	41
Unformgrat, Fehler beim Putzen	10
Guss	1
Verformung, Verzug	9
Versetzung, Versetzung Kern	6
Verstampfung	4
Verunreinigung, Verschmutzung	20
Warmbruch, Warmriss	28
Zunderschicht	23
des Metalls	14

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE


Blowholes	31
Burn on	15
Hard Chill spots	47
Cold crack	29
Cold lap, cold shut	2, 16
Distortion, warping	9
Draw, contraction cavity	33
Entrapped cold shot	46
Exogenous metallic inclusion	44
Exogenous non-metallic inclusion	45
Expansion scab	17
Flakes	50
Flash, cross-joint	19
Foldness, waviness	25
Gas porosity	39
Gas roughness	27
Graphite porosity	37
Incorrect shape	3
Intercrystalline crack	30
Knob, scab	18
Mechanical damage	11
Mechanical damage, injury	12
Metal leakage	14
Metal run out	13
Microporosity, shrinkage porosity, grain boundary cracks	40
Mismatch, cross-joint	5
Mismatch in core	6
Mottleness	48
Oxidation	23
Oxide spots	21
Poured slag	36
Ram-off	4
Rough surface	26
Sand holes, drop	34
Segregation	49
Short run, misrun	1, 10
Shrinkage crack, hot tear	28
Shrinkage depression .	43
Shrinkage porosity	38
Slag blowholes, slag inclusion	35
Surface contamination	20
Surface damage	24
Unfused chaplets (cooles)	41
Veining, mapping	22

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN FRENCH LANGUAGE


Barbe, bavure de joint	19
Bavure	22
Bosse	18
Cassure chaud	28
Cassure froid	29
	32
Corroyage	3
	11
	9
Dejettement de noyau	6
Effet	33
Fausse variation	4
Faute d'	12
Fissure intercristallique	30
Flocon	50
Fonte	48
Fuite du metal	13
Gale franche	17
Goutte froide	46
Grippure	15
Inclusion de sable	34
Inclusion d’origine	44
Inclusion of non-	45
Incuit de support de noyau (refroidisseur)	41
Laitier	36
Liquation,	49
Manque	1
Microretrassure	40
Moulage	10
Oxidation,	23
Perte du metal	14
Plissement	25
Points durs	47
Poquette retrassure de surface	43
de gas	39
de graphite	37
de withdrawal	38
Remblayage, obstruction	20
Repliure d oxyde	21
Reprise	2, 16
de la surface	26
gaseux	27
Soufflure	31
Soufflure de scorie	35
Trace de frappe, deterioration	24
Variation	5