GOST 28813-90
GOST 28813−90 (ISO 4383−81, ST SEV 6901−89) Bearings. Metallic multilayer materials for thin-walled plain bearings
GOST 28813−90
(ISO 4383−81,
CT SEV 6901−89)
Group B54
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR
BEARINGS
Metallic multilayer materials
for thin-walled plain bearings
Plain bearings. Metallic multilayer
materials for thin-walled plain bearings
AXTU 1724
Date of introduction 1992−01−01
INFORMATION DATA
1. PREPARED AND SUBMITTED by the Ministry of automotive and agricultural machine building of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee on management of quality and standards
3. This standard is prepared by the direct application of international standard ISO 4383−81 «Bearings. Metallic multilayer materials for thin-walled plain bearings"
The APPLICATION of the «bimetallic Strip of steel and bronze for sliding bearings» of the standard prepared by the direct application of the standard ST SEV 6901−89 «bimetallic Strip of steel and bronze for sliding bearings"
4. The term of the first check — in 1997 the Frequency of inspection — 5 years
5. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
| The designation of the reference document referenced |
The item number, app |
| GOST 1497−84 |
App |
| GOST 1953.1−79 — GOST 1953.7−79 |
App |
| GOST 1953.10−79 |
App |
| GOST 9012−59 |
App |
| GOST 19300−86 |
App |
| GOST 24231−80 |
App |
| GOST 26877−86 |
App |
| GOST 28341−89 |
2 |
| GOST 28342−89 |
2 |
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This standard specifies the basic requirements for metallic multilayer materials used for the manufacture of thin-walled plain bearings (bushings, bushings, thrust washers). Layered materials consist of a steel backing, the bearing metal layer (casting, sintering, the connection on the bundle) and a layer of metal produced by electrolytic deposition.
The standard also applies to a bimetallic strip, consisting of a steel base and an antifriction layer cast bronze (see Annex).
Specified by the standard requirements are mandatory in addition to the requirements of sub-clause 3.2 and 3.5.
2. LINKS
GOST 28342* «Bearings. Thin-walled liners. The dimensions, tolerances and methods of control».
GOST 28341* «Bearings. Thin-walled flanged liners. The dimensions, tolerances and methods of control».
__________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST ISO 3548−2002. — Note the CODE.
3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1. Chemical composition
The chemical composition of materials must meet the requirements listed in the table.1−4, which shows the maximum value.
3.2. The steel substrate
Chemical composition of steel for the foundations established by agreement between manufacturer and consumer. Mainly applied in low carbon steel.
3.3. Antifriction layers, bearing
Antifriction layers, bearing alloys based on tin and lead shall conform to the requirements given in table.1.
Table 1
Alloys based on tin and lead
| Chemical element | Chemical composition, % | |||
| PbSb10Sn6 |
PbSb15SnAs |
PbSb15Sn10 |
SnSb8Cu4 | |
| Pb |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
0,35 |
| Sb |
9,0−11,0 |
13,5−15,5 |
14,0−16,0 |
Of 7.0−8.0 |
| Sn |
Of 5.0−7.0 |
0,9−1,7 |
9,0−11,0 |
The rest |
| Cu |
0,70 |
0,70 |
0,70 |
For 3.0−4.0 |
| As |
0,25 |
0,8−1,2 |
0,60 |
0,10 |
| Bi |
0,10 |
0,10 |
0,10 |
0,08 |
| Zn |
0,005 |
0,005 |
0,005 |
0,005 |
| Al |
0,005 |
0,005 |
0,005 |
0,005 |
| Cd |
0,05 |
0,02 |
0,05 |
- |
| Fe |
0,10 |
0,10 |
0,10 |
0,10 |
| Other |
0,20 |
0,20 |
0,20 |
0,20 |
Antifriction layers, bearing alloys based on copper shall conform to the requirements given in table.2.
Table 2
Alloys based on copper
| Chemical element | Chemical composition, % | ||||
| CuPb10Sn10 G — casting R — sintering |
CuPb17Sn5 G — casting |
CuPb24Sn4 G — casting R — sintering |
CuPb24Sn G — casting R — sintering |
СuРb30 R — sintering | |
| Si |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
| Pb |
9,0−11,0 |
14,0−20,0 |
19,0−27,0 |
19,0−27,0 |
26,0−33,0 |
| Sn |
9,0−11,0 |
4,0−6,0 |
3,0−4,5 |
0,6−2,0 |
0,5 |
| Zn |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
| R |
0,1 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
| Fe |
0,7 |
0,7 |
0,7 |
0,7 |
0,7 |
| Ni |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
| Sb |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
| Other |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
Antifriction layers, bearing alloys based on aluminum shall conform to the requirements given in table.3.
Table 3
Alloys based on aluminium
| Chemical element | Chemical composition, % | ||||
| AlSn20Cu |
AlSn6Cu |
AlSi4Cd |
AlCd3CuNi | AlSi11Cu | |
| AI |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
| Si |
0,7−1,3 |
0,7−1,3 |
0,05−0,15 |
0,7−1,3 |
0,7−1,3 |
| Sn |
17,5−22,5 |
5,5−7,0 |
- |
- | 0,2 |
| Ni |
0,1 |
1,3 |
- |
0,7−1,3 |
0,1 |
| Cd |
- |
- |
0,8−1,4 |
2,7−3,5 |
- |
| Si |
0,7* |
0,7* |
3,5−4,5 | 0,7* | 10,0−12,0 |
| Fe |
0,7* |
0,7* |
0,35 |
0,7* |
0,3 |
| Mn |
0,7* |
0,7* |
0,2 |
0,7* |
0,1 |
| Ti |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
| Other |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,25 |
0,15 |
0,3 |
________________
* The total content of Si+Fe+Mn should not exceed 1.0%.
3.4. Running-cover
The running-coating conforming to the requirements given in table.4, can be applied only for antifriction bearing layers corresponding to the requirements of table.2 and 3. The thickness of the running-cover and any intermediate layers between him and the antifriction layer is determined by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.
Table 4
Running-cover
| Chemical element | Chemical composition, % | ||
| PbSn10Cu2 |
PbSn10 |
PbIn7 | |
| Pb |
The rest |
The rest | The rest |
| Sn |
8,0−12,0 |
8,0−12,0 |
- |
| Si |
1,0−3,0 |
- | - |
| In |
- |
- | 5,0−10,0 |
| Other |
0,5 |
0,5 | 0,5 |
3.5. Recommendations on the selection of materials for sliding bearings
The values of hardness of antifriction alloy in the ribbon, and recommendations for the use of the bearing metals shown in table.5 and 6.
Table 5
The recommended values of hardness of bearing metals in the form of strips (hardness values can be increased by rolling low compression)
| Bearing alloys |
Cast |
Sintered |
Laminated and annealed |
Special |
| PbSb10Sn6 |
19−23HV |
- |
- |
15−19HV |
| PbSb15SnAs |
16−20HV |
- |
- |
- |
| PbSb15Sn10 |
18−23HV |
- |
- |
- |
| SnSb8Cu4 |
17−24HV |
- |
- |
- |
| CuPb10Sn10 |
70−130HB |
60−90HB |
- |
- |
| CuPb17Sn5 |
60−95HB |
- |
- |
- |
| CuPb24Sn4 |
60−90HB |
45−70HB |
- |
- |
| CuPb24Sn |
55−80HB |
40−60HB |
- |
- |
| СиРb30 |
- |
30−45HB | - |
- |
| AlSn20Cu |
- |
- |
30−40HB |
- |
| AlSn6Cu |
- |
- |
35−45HB |
- |
| AlSi4Cd |
- |
- |
30−40HB |
50−70НВ |
| AlCd3CuNi |
- |
- |
35−55HB |
- |
| AlSi11Cu |
- |
- |
45−60HB |
- |
Table 6
Recommendations for the use of bearing alloys
| Bearing alloys |
Characteristics and recommendations for use in high speed engines |
| PbSb10Sn6 PbSb15SnAs PbSb15Sn10 |
Soft, resistant to corrosion, has a relatively good performance with imperfect lubrication, low fatigue strength, working with hard and soft shafts. Slightly loaded with indigenous and connecting rod bearings, bushings, thrust washers |
| SnSb8Cu4 |
Soft, resistant to corrosion, has the best performance among all of the bearing alloy with an imperfect lubrication, low fatigue strength, working with hard and soft shafts. Slightly loaded with indigenous and connecting rod bearings, bushings, thrust washers |
| CuPb10Sn10 |
Very high fatigue strength and considerable impact resistance; good corrosion resistance, preferably used with solid shafts. Wrapped bushes, thrust washer, bushing upper connecting rod |
| CuPb17Sn5 |
Very high fatigue strength and considerable resistance to shock loads, is used with solid shafts are usually used with the running-in coating in the bearings. Heavily loaded main bearings and the rod bearings, bushings, thrust washers |
| CuPb24Sn4 |
High fatigue strength and greater impact resistance; used for high speed shafts, performing a reciprocating rotary or rotational movement; works with solid shafts are usually covered by the running-in coating when used as a bearing. Bushings, thrust washers, main bearings and the rod bearings |
| CuPb24Sn |
High fatigue strength in cast alloy, satisfactory, and high fatigue resistance of sintered alloys; usually covered by the running-in layer, when used as a bearing in this case can work with hard and soft shafts; susceptible to corrosion when using waste grease running-in the absence of the coating. Indigenous and connecting rod bearings, thrust washers |
| СuРb30 |
The average fatigue strength, susceptible to corrosion when using waste grease and lack of running-cover; works with solid shafts while running-safety coverage. Indigenous and connecting rod bearings, wrapped bushing |
| AISn20Cu |
The average fatigue strength, good resistance to corrosion, relatively good performance in critical lubrication conditions can work with soft shafts. Indigenous and connecting rod bearings, thrust washer and wrapped bushings |
| AlSn6Cu |
Medium and high fatigue strength, good resistance to corrosion generally covered the running-in coating and is used with hard shafts. Indigenous and connecting rod bearings, wrapped bushing |
| AlSi4Cd |
Medium and high fatigue strength, good resistance to corrosion, is usually covered by the running-in coating when used as a bearing; works with solid shafts. After heat treatment, has high fatigue strength. Indigenous and connecting rod bearings, wrapped bushing and thrust washer |
| AlCd3CuNi |
Medium and high fatigue strength, good resistance to corrosion, is usually covered by the running-in coating when used as a bearing; works with solid shafts. When you add a certain amount of manganese has a high fatigue strength. Indigenous and connecting rod bearings, in some cases wrapped bushing and thrust washer |
| AlSi11Cu |
High fatigue strength; normally used the running-in coatings, if used as a bearing; works with solid rollers; good resistance to corrosion. Indigenous and connecting rod bearings |
| PbSn10Cu2 PbSn10 Pbln7 |
The fatigue strength depends on the thickness, soft, good resistance to corrosion, relatively good performance in critical lubrication conditions. Used for connecting rod and main bearings, made of alloys based on copper and lead and alloys of high strength aluminum-based |
4. MARKING
Example. Marking multilayer material consisting of a steel base, anti-friction layer CuPb24Sn injection (G) and the running-cover PbSn10Cu2:
Bearing alloy GOST 28813−90 — G — CuPb24Sn — PbSn10Cu2.
APP (mandatory). BIMETAL STRIPS OF STEEL AND BRONZE FOR SLIDING BEARINGS
APP
Mandatory
1. Classification and marking
1.1. Bimetallic strip, depending on the accuracy of manufacturing is divided on the tape:
1) normal precision manufacturing for the production of bearings, anti-friction layer is subject to mechanical processing (no symbol index);
2) high precision manufacturing for the production of bearings, anti-friction layer which is not subject to mechanical processing (index T).
1.2. Depending on the delivery type bimetallic strips are made:
rolls -;
in strips — R.
Examples of symbols:
The bimetallic strip normal precision manufacturing, with a layer of bronze stamps CuPb24Sn4 thickness of steel backing to 4.25 mm, the total thickness of bimetallic strip 5.0 mm, width 120 mm, in the bands:
The BIMETALLIC STRIP 4 CuPb24Sn4,25х5,0х120 R GOST 28813−90
Bimetallic strip manufacturing high precision, with a layer of cast bronze stamps CuPb24Sn thickness of the steel base 3.8 mm, total thickness of the bimetallic strip is 4.4 mm, width 110 mm, in coils:
The BIMETALLIC STRIP CuPb24Sn 3,8x4,4 Tx110 To GOST 28813−90
2. Technical requirements
2.1. As the basis of a bimetallic strip is steel, which chemical composition and mechanical properties are given in table.7.
Allowed as a basis to apply a different equivalent material with chemical composition and mechanical properties shown in table.7.
2.2. Brand bronze and the chemical composition of the antifriction layer shall be as given in table.8.
2.3. The size of the ribbons should match those in hell.1 and in table.9.
Damn.1
Damn.1
Table 7
| Mass fraction of elements, % |
Times — ing resistance |
Yield strength |
With respect to- |
With respect — ing the contraction | ||||||
| With |
Si |
Mn |
R |
S |
SG |
Ni |
||||
| 0.05 |
No more |
0.25 |
No more |
No more |
No more |
No more |
Not less than | Not less than |
Not less than |
Not less than |
| to 0.11 |
0,04 |
to 0.50 |
0,040 |
0,040 |
0,10 |
0,25 |
295 | 180 |
35 |
60 |
Table 8
| Chemical element | Chemical composition, %, alloy grades | ||||
| CuPb8Sn4Zn4 |
CuPb10Sn10 | CuPb17Sn5 | CuPb24Sn4 | CuPb24Sn | |
| Si |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
The rest |
| Pb |
From 7.0 to 9.0 |
From 9.0 to 11.0 |
From 14.0 to 20.0 |
From to 19,0 27,0 |
from to 19,0 27,0 |
| Sn |
From 3.5 to 4.5 |
From 8.0 to 11.0 |
From 4.0 to 6.0 |
From 3.0 to 4.5 |
to 2.0 |
| Zn, no more |
4,0 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
| R, no more |
- |
0,1 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
0,1 |
| Fe no more |
0,35 |
0,7 |
0,7 |
0,7 |
0,7 |
| Ni, no more |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
| Sb, no more |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
0,2 |
| Other, no more |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
0,5 |
Table 9
| Name index |
Marking |
Dimensions, mm | Limit deviations, mm | |
| Tape normal precision manufacturing |
Tape manufacturing high precision | |||
| The thickness of the steel |
S | 0,40−4,25 | - |
- |
| The thickness of bronze |
B | 0,25−2,00 | - |
- |
| Full thickness |
C | Of 0.65 to 4.75 | +0,03 -0,05 |
-0,03 |
| Full width |
A | 12,0−240 | - |
- |
| Useful width |
E | 11,0−220 | ±0,25 |
±0,25 |
| Roll diameter |
D | 915−1600 | - |
- |
The particular thickness of steel and bronze should be installed when ordering a two-layer tape.
At the request of the customer the tape can be supplied in strips with length up to 3000 mm with maximum deviation in length ±25 mm.
2.4. The deviation of the straightness of the tape in the longitudinal direction on a plot of 1000 mm should not be more than 3 mm, the deviation of the straightness of the tape in the direction perpendicular to the edge of the tape should be within a tolerance on the thickness of the tape.
2.5. The surface roughness of the steel base must not exceed 1,25 µm. On the surface allowed individual pores, grooves and risks, the depth of which does not exceed 25% of the thickness tolerance of the steel tape.
2.6. The surface roughness of the anti-friction layer should not exceed 1,25 µm tapes normal accuracy and 0.63 µm for ribbons of high precision manufacturing.
On the surface are not allowed pores, risks and spots of lead to a depth in excess of the allowance for machining cutting the anti-friction layer. The edges and ends of the tape should be smooth, without burrs and folds.
2.7. The metal structure anti-friction layer should be homogeneous.
2.8. The hardness of antifriction layer shall conform to the requirements given in table.10.
Table 10
| Brand of bronze anti-friction layer |
Hardness HB |
| CuPb8Sn4Zn4 |
From 60 to 100 |
| CuPb10Sn10 |
«70» 130 |
| CuPb17Sn5 |
«60» 95 |
| CuPb24Sn4 |
«60» 90 |
| CuPb24Sn |
«55» 80 |
The values of hardness limits can be agreed when ordering.
2.9. Not allowed separation between the steel base and an antifriction layer.
3. Acceptance rules
3.1. The party should consist of a bimetallic strip of the same size and same material.
Presented for the acceptance of the party tape is allowed at sites that do not meet the requirements of this standard; these areas should be marked with paint or other means and should not be included in the account of the party.
3.2. From the party taken samples for testing and control:
chemical composition;
size and shape;
surface;
structure;
mechanical properties of hardness;
adhesion strength base and an antifriction layer.
3.3. The number of selected coils or strips for testing shall be in accordance with table.11.
Table 11
PCs
| Party (the number of rolls or strips) |
The number of selected | |
| rolls |
bands | |
| From 2 to 8 |
2 |
2 |
| «9» 15 |
5 |
2 |
| «16» 25 |
8 |
3 |
| «26» 50 |
13 |
5 |
| «51» 90 |
20 |
5 |
| «91» 150 |
32 |
8 |
| «151» 280 | 50 |
13 |
From each selected roll, or strip in any place to cut sample for test length of 300 mm. is Not allowed sampling on the inner and outer coils of the roll.
4. Test methods
4.1. The selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis is carried out according to GOST 24231.
Determination of the chemical composition is carried out according to GOST 1953.1 — 1953.7 GOST, GOST 1953.10.
4.2. Measurements on tapes is carried out using a measuring instrument to ensure the necessary measurement accuracy. Control of the shape deviations is carried out according to GOST 26877.
4.3. Check the surface quality of strips is carried out by examination in bright ambient light without the use of magnifying tools.
4.4. Surface roughness test special devices (such as profiling according to GOST 19300) or by comparison with standards.
4.5. Check the hardness of antifriction layer is carried out according to GOST 9012.
4.6. The structure is checked for netravlenoy templeto cross-section of the ribbon, if you increase 50.
4.7. Check the adhesive strength of the layers of the bimetallic strip is carried out by chiselling. Sample tape one end secured in a vise, chisel 12 mm wide grooves are cut with a length of about 30 mm, trying to separate the layer of bronze from the steel base (see the devil.2).
Damn.2
Damn.2
The test of adhesion is carried out by fracture of the tape with the subsequent control of breaks under the microscope for a lack of exfoliation.
The adhesion shall be considered satisfactory if there is no delamination of the bronze outside of the width of the groove formed by the chisel, and after separation of the chisel layer of bronze from the steel base the last remaining traces of bronze.
Allowed to inspect the adhesion of the layers of the bimetallic strip by a different method, which provides the necessary control of adhesion.
4.8. Mechanical properties steel base is determined according to GOST 1497.
5. Labeling, packaging, storage and transportation
5.1. The tape is supplied in rolls or packs of strips. Coils wrapped with waterproof paper and tied with steel tape.
Strips in bundles to shift paper and Packed in wooden boxes. The packaging must ensure the preservation of the quality of the tapes.
The tape should be protected from corrosion by smearing a thin layer of technical grease (acid-free).
The outer diameter of the coil must not exceed 2000 mm and the length of the box — 4000 mm. gross Weight of one roll should be no more than 2000 kg. Reliability of conservation — 12 months.
5.2. Each packaging unit shall be affixed a label indicating:
name or mark of the manufacturer;
brand of bronze;
the size of the tape or strip;
batch number;
the masses of the party;
designation of this standard.
5.3. Bimetal strips must be stored in clean rooms in the absence of aggressive substances that may cause corrosion, with a relative humidity of 80%.
5.4. Bimetallic strip should be transported in covered vehicles under conditions preventing it from mechanical damage and moisture.
