Magnetic, mechanical and technological properties of titanium
Technical Characteristics
Titanium alloys are distinguished by their precise chemical composition, meticulous fabrication and absence of impurities. To a large extent, the mechanical properties of titanium depend on which elements are included in the composition of impurities, as well as their quantity and ratio. At the same time, it is impossible to miss the well-known fact that this element has a number of advantages. Titanium is distinguished by:
-high specific strength;
-Corrosion resistance;
-high ductility;
-Good impact toughness.
Mechanical strength of titanium loses almost twice its mechanical strength when the temperature rises above 250 °C. The situation is saved by titanium alloys, in which this disadvantage is levelled. On the other hand, titanium is distinguished by its exceptional corrosion resistance. Corrosion resistance is evaluated by loss rate per square meter of surface.
| Corrosion Resistance | Losses per square meter | Rating in points |
|---|---|---|
| Extremely resistant | Less than 0,001 g | 1 |
| Highly persistent | 0,001 - 0,005 | 2 |
| 0,005 - 0,01 г | 3 | |
| Persistent | 0,01 - 0,05 г | 4 |
| 0,05 - 0,1 г | 5 | |
| Satisfactorily persistent | 0,1 - 0,3 г | 6 |
| Low-resistant | 0,3 - 1,0 г | 7 |
| 1 - 5,0 г | 8 | |
| Unstable | More than 5 g. | 9 |
Comparative tests of corrosion resistance in industrial and marine atmospheres revealed that aluminum alloys, stainless steels, copper-nickel alloys and Inconel alloy showed visible signs of corrosion over a five-year period, while the titanium plate did not lose its original luster. This corrosion resistance is due to the presence of a passive oxide film on the titanium surface that protects the metal from contact with an aggressive agent.
Titanium is particularly resistant to corrosion in the presence of oxygen. For example, under conditions of air aeration, titanium practically does not corrode in formic acid of any concentration up to a temperature of 100 °C, whereas without aeration, it corrodes quickly in a 25% solution of formic acid.
Overview of TITAN Alloys
Low-strength plastic alloys
| Alloy grade | Percentage of alloying additives | Tensile strength kgf/mm2 | Operating Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| VT-1 | Pure titanium | 30 - 50 | 100 - 200 |
| VT1-0 | Technically pure titanium | 30 - 50 | 100 - 200 |
| VT1-00 | Technically pure titanium | 30 - 50 | 100 - 200 |
Plastic alloys with average strength
| Mark of alloy | Percentage of alloying additives | Tensile strength kgf/mm2 | Operating Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT-2 | 2,5 Zr, 1,5 Mo | 50 - 80 | 200 - 300 |
| OT4-1 | 1 -2.5 Al, 0.7-2 Mn | 50 - 80 | 200 - 300 |
| OT4 | 3.5-5 Al, 0.8-2 Mn | 50 - 80 | 200 - 300 |
| AT-3 | 3 Al, 1.5%(Cr+Fe+Si+B) | 50 - 80 | 200 - 300 |
| ВТ5-1 | 4-6 Al, 2-3 Sn | 50 - 80 | 200 - 300 |
Structural alloys with increased strength
| Mark of alloy | Percentage of alloying additives | Tensile strength kgf/mm2 | Operating Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| VT-4 | 3,5-4,5 Al, 0,8-2 Mn | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
| OT4-2 | 5,5-7 Al, 0,2-1,8 Mn | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
| VT5 | 4,3-6,2 Al | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
| ВТ-6 | 5,5-7 Al, 4,2-6 V | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
| ВТ-6с | 5-6,5 Al, 5,5-4,5 V | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
| VT-20 | 5,5-7,5 Al, 1,-2,5 Zr, 0,5-2 Mo, 0,8-1,8 V | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
| AT-4 | 4.5 Al, 1.5%(Cr+Fe+Si+B) | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
| AT-6 | 6 Al, 1,5(Cr+Fe+Si+B) | 80 - 100 | 300 - 450 |
Increased corrosion resistance of alloys
| Alloy grade | Percentage of alloying additives | Tensile strength kgf/mm2 | Operating Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4200 | 0.2 Pd | 60 - 100 | 300 - 600 |
| 4201 | 31 - 35 Mo | 60 - 100 | 300 - 600 |
| 4204 | 5 Ta | 60 - 100 | 300 - 600 |
| NT60 | 40 - 50 Nb | 60 - 100 | 300 - 600 |
| ST! | Ti-Al-Zr-Sn | 60 - 100 | 300 - 600 |
| CT4 | Ti-Al-Sn-Mo-Sr | 60 - 100 | 300 - 600 |
| CT6 | Ti-Al-Zr-W | 60 - 100 | 300 - 600 |
High-strength alloys with unstable β-structure
| Alloy grade | Percentage of alloying additives | Tensile strength kgf/mm2 | Operating Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| VT-14 | 3,5-6,3 Al, 2,5-3,5 Mo, 0,9-1,9 V | 110 - 160 | 300 - 400 |
| VT-15 | 2.5-3.5 Al, 6.8-8 Mo, 9.5-11 Cr | 110 - 160 | 300 - 400 |
| VT-16 | 1.6-3 Al, 4.5-5.5 Mo, 4-5 V | 110 - 160 | 300 - 400 |
| ВТ-22 | 4.4-5.9 Al, 4-5.5 Mo, 4-5.5 V, 0.5-2 Cr, 0.2-4 Si, 0.2-0.5 Fe | 110 - 160 | 300 - 400 |
| TS-6 | 3 Al, 5 Mo, 6 V, 11 Cr | 110 - 160 | 300 - 400 |
α and β alloys
Titanium alloys are characterized by accuracy of chemical composition, thoroughness of manufacturing, absence of impurities. Titanium alloys are classified as:
| α-alloy | Pseudo-α-alloy | α +β alloy | Pseudo-β alloy | β-alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BT1 | OT4 | VT-6 | VT16 | 4201 |
| VT1-0 | OT4-0 | VT3-1 | VS-6 | |
| VT1-00 | OT4-1 | VT-14 | ||
| VT5 | OT4-2 | VT-16 | ||
| VT5-1 | AT-2 | BT-22 | ||
| 4200 | AT-3 | |||
| AT-4 | ||||
| BT20 |
Magnetic Properties
Regarding what the magnetic properties of titanium are, there are also some peculiarities. The fact is that titanium is a paramagnetic metal. Thus, its magnetic susceptibility should decrease as the temperature increases. But since titanium is an exception to the rule, on the contrary, its sensitivity increases when heated.
Technological properties
Another advantage of the metal are the technological properties of titanium, which greatly expand the scope of its application. These are parameters such as ductility, weld strength and resistance to negative environmental effects (cryogenic temperatures, sea water and nitric acid). To learn more about the properties of titanium, please refer to other pages of our website dedicated to specific steel grades.
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