Industrial and pure copper
Technical copper
In annealed condition it is quite malleable, but has a relatively low strength. The chemical composition of technical copper grades is defined by GOST 859−41. Technical grades are used in smelting copper alloys as charge material Technical grade M0 is used in making high purity alloys, current conductors. M1 — semi-finished goods produced by rolling, in production of high quality bronzes that do not contain tin. M2 is a technical grade for production of bronzes for high quality semi-finished products which are processed under pressure. Technical grade MZ is in demand for semi-finished goods produced by rolling, for production of standard quality bronzes and other cast alloys, as well as for non-responsible electrical contacts (like M2 alloy). The technical grade M4 is used for smelting foundry bronzes.
Percentage composition
| Percentage composition of the material | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper alloy grades | Fe | Ni | S | Cu | As | Pb | O | Sb | Bi | Sn | P | Zn | Ag |
| M1 | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.0020 | ≤ 0.004 | 99.9 | ≤ 0.0020 | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.002 | ≤ 0.001 | ≤ 0.002 | ≤ 0.004 | ≤ 0.003 | |
| M 1p | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.0020 | ≤ 0.005 | 99.9 | ≤ 0.0020 | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.002 | ≤ 0.001 | ≤ 0.002 | ≤ 0.002 to 0.012 | ≤ 0.005 | |
| M 2 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.2 | ≤ 0.01 | 99.7 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.07 | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.0020 | ≤ 0.05 | |||
| M 2p | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.2 | ≤ 0.01 | 99.7 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.005 | ≤ 0.0020 | ≤ 0.05 | |||
| M 3 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.2 | ≤ 0.01 | 99.5 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.050 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.050 | ≤ 0.003 | ≤ 0.05 | |||
| M 3p | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.2 | ≤ 0.01 | 99.5 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.003 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.005 to 0.06 |
Impurities
Sb, P, SІ, Bl and As in grades M1 and M0 greatly impair the electrical conductivity and are allowed in the amount not exceeding 0.002%. Impurities Sb, Pb and Bl reduce technological properties of the metal, causing brittleness during hot work with pressure. The impurities Ag, NІ, Sn and Zn are not able to have a harmful effect on the technological and mechanical properties. Depending on solidification conditions, the structure of pure cast metal is either transcrystalline or equiaxial.
Pure copper
The M0 grade contains 99.95% Cu and no more than 0.05% impurities. According to special specifications, several grades of vacuum-grade copper are produced, especially oxygen-free pure copper, which is used in the electrovacuum industry. Ribbons, strips, strips, rods, tubes are made of oxygen-free copper of series A and B. Vacuum pure copper is used to make strips and rods. Pure copper, which is deoxidized with manganese, is used to make bars. All these semi-finished products are used in the electro-vacuum industry. Oxygen-free pure copper is characterized by a reduced (-100°C) recrystallization temperature.
Use
Technical grades — a good material for shaped castings, they are widely used for corrosion-resistant coatings. For electrolysis more often used copper anodes AMF (GOST 767−70). Additions of phosphorus contribute to better dissolution of anodes during electrolysis.
Supply
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