GOST 8233-56

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gost-8233-56.pdf (595.90 KiB)
ГОСТ 8233-56

GOST 8233−56 Steel. The standards of the microstructure

GOST 8233−56

Group B09

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Steel

THE STANDARDS OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE

Steel. Microstructure standards

ISS 77.080.20

Date of introduction 1957−07−01

Approved by the Committee of standards, measures and measuring devices under Council of Ministers of the USSR on 26/XI 1956 date of introduction is established 01.07.57

Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 4−93 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 4−94)

REPRINTING. March 2004

This standard specifies the scale of the structure of the steel: pearlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides.

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. To evaluate the microstructure needs to be cut out samples with an area of 0.5−1.0 cm ГОСТ 8233-56 Сталь. Эталоны микроструктуры and smaller, if the studied product is the small size.

2. The number of samples and place them cut, depending on destination, size and method of manufacture of the object, must be specified in the relevant standards or other normative documents.

3. Etching of thin sections made from samples, is performed in an alcohol solution of nitric or picric acid: 4 cm ГОСТ 8233-56 Сталь. Эталоны микроструктуры of nitric acid (SP. V. 1,405) at 100 cmor 4 g picric acid in 100 cmof ethanol, or a mixture of these solutions in the ratio 1:4.

II. DETERMINATION OF MICROSTRUCTURES

4. Used magnification of the microscope:

a) determination of the dispersion of lamellar and granular pearlite — at magnification of 1000. In the absence of optics to obtain an increase in 1000 times the determination is carried out at a magnification of 500 or 600, using the table.1 (lamellar perlite) and table.2 (for granular perlite) to determine the score.

Table 1

ГОСТ 8233-56 Сталь. Эталоны микроструктуры

Table 2

ГОСТ 8233-56 Сталь. Эталоны микроструктуры

b) determining the size of the martensite needles — if you increase 1000. In the absence of optics to obtain an increase of 1000 determination is made at magnification 500 and 600, using the table.3 to determine the score.

Table 3

ГОСТ 8233-56 Сталь. Эталоны микроструктуры

C) Definition of nitrides and carbide of mesh — if you increase 500.

g) Determination of carbide heterogeneity — if you increase 100.

5. Quantitative characteristics of the main elements of microstructure: pearlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides is based on comparison of the structure with the standards of the relevant scales of this standard (see tabs).

Thus an assessment of nitrides, carbide mesh carbide and heterogeneity performed by comparing the worst inclusions of the visual field encountered in the viewing area of the cone, with the relevant scales of this standard.

For a more accurate quantitative metallographic analysis of the structural components used linear or planimetric method.

6. Depending on the degree of dispersion of lamellar pearlite is divided into 10 scores according to table.4 and the scale 1 of this standard.

Table 4


Score	Characteristics of perlite	Miletinae distance, MK
1	Arbituary	Less than 0.20
2	Scrutability	0,30
3	Lustrous	0,40
4	Maloplastichny	0,60
5	Maloplastichny	0,80
6	Sredneplastichnye	Of 1.00
7	Sredneplastichnye	1,20
8	Krupnoplastinchatam	1,60
9	Krupnoplastinchatam	Of 2.00
10	Probablistically	More than 2,00

Note. Miletinae the distance is determined in the grains of perlite greatest dispersion, where plates of cementite perpendicular to the plane of the thin section.

7. Depending on the dispersion of the cementite grains of the granular perlite is divided into 10 scores according to table.5 and scale 2 of this standard.

Table 5


Score	Characteristics of perlite	The average diameter of the grains of cementite, MK
1	Point	To 0.25
2	Very fine-grained	0,40
3	Fine	0,60
4	Fine	Of 1.00
5	Medium	1,20
6	Medium	1,60
7	Coarse	Of 2.00
8	Coarse	2,50
9	Coarse	Of 3.00
10	Coarse-grained	More than 3,00

Note. The scale 2 does not characterize the size of excess carbides.

Martensite

8. Depending on the size (length) of needles of martensite is divided into 10 scores according to table.6 and scale 3.

Table 6


Score	Characteristics of martensite	The maximum length of the needles, MK
1	Strategicaly	Less than 0.2
2	Very melkoigolchaty	2,0
3	Melkoigolchaty	4,0
4	Melkoigolchaty	6,0
5	Sredneuralsky	8,0
6	Sredneuralsky	10,0
7	Krupnosortnyj	12,0
8	Krupnosortnyj	16,0
9	Krupnosortnyj	20,0
10	Grupogalante	More than 20.0

Note. Scale 3 is used for the evaluation of sorbitol vacation, if it retains the orientation of the martensite.

Nitrides

9. Depending on the number of nitrides (number of units in a certain area of the microsection) the steel structure is divided into 10 points, according to table.7 and scale 4 of this standard.

Table 7


Score	A. Nitrides with the length of needles to 10 MK		B. Nitrides with long needles more than 10 MK
	The number of nitrides on the area of a circle of 70 mm by increasing 500.	The total length of the nitrides in the area of a circle of 70 mm at magnification 500 mm	The number of nitrides on the area of a circle of 70 mm by increasing 500.	The total length of the nitrides in the area of a circle of 70 mm at magnification 500 mm
1	0	0	0	0
2	2	To 10	1	To 10
3	4	11−16	2	11−16
4	6	17−25	4	17−25
5	10	26−40	6	26−40
6	16	41−63	8	41−63
7	20	64−100	12	64−100
8	25	101−120	16	101−120
9	32	121−160	20	121−160
10	More than 32	More than 160	More than 20	More than 160

Note. If the structure of small and large nitrides mapping is carried out with a scale of 4B in the presence of more than 50% of the nitrides with the largest needles more than 10 microns.

10. Depending on the nature of the carbide grid structure steel is divided into 6 points according to the scale 5 of this standard.

11. Depending on the nature of the carbide heterogeneity of the steel structure is divided into 6 points according to the scale 6 of this standard. The upper row (A) scale describes the structure of hypereutectoid steels, and the lower row (B) — steels ledeburite class.

12. In the preparation of consolidated rating scales granular and lamellar pearlite, martensite and nitrides allowed to apply points 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, referred to in scales 1, 2, 3 and 4.

13. Recommended scale ratio of ferrite and pearlite, granular and lamellar pearlite, martensite and troostite specified in the Annex to this standard.

APP

1. Depending on the amount of ferrite (the average percentage of the area occupied by pearlite in the microsection) perioperatively the steel structure is divided into 10 scores according to table.1 and scale 7.

Table 1


Score	Content, %
	perlite	ferrite
1	100	0
2	95	5
3	85	15
4	75	25
5	65	35
6	50	50
7	35	65
8	20	80
9	5	95
10	0	100

Note. The scale is suitable to assess the balance of ferrite and pearlite in the structure regardless of the nature of plots of pearlite (lamellar, granular, arbituary), which are characterized further on the basis of matching them with the appropriate scales.

2. Depending on the ratio between the lamellar and granular pearlite (average percentage area occupied by lamellar pearlite) structure steel is divided into 10 scores according to table.2 and a scale 9.

Table 2


Score	The content of pearlite, %
	granular	plate
1	100	0
2	More than 95	To 5
3	90	10
4	85	15
5	80	20
6	65	35
7	50	50
8	35	65
9	5	95
10	0	100

3. Depending on the amount of martensite (the average percentage of the area occupied by martensite), the steel structure is divided into 10 scores according to table.3 and 8 scale.

Table 3